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Are Environmental Interventions Targeting Skin Cancer Prevention among Children and Adolescents Effective? A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • K. Thoonen

    (Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • L. van Osch

    (Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • H. de Vries

    (Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • S. Jongen

    (Education Support department, University Library Maastricht University, 6211 JH Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • F. Schneider

    (Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Skin cancer, which is increasing exceedingly worldwide, is substantially preventable by reducing unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Several comprehensive interventions targeting sun protection behaviors among children and adolescents in various outdoor settings have been developed; however, there is a lack of insight on stand-alone effectiveness of environmental elements. To compose future skin cancer prevention interventions optimally, identification of effective environmental components is necessary. Hence, an extensive systematic literature search was conducted, using four scientific databases and one academic search engine. Seven relevant studies were evaluated based on stand-alone effects of various types of environmental sun safety interventions on socio-cognitive determinants, sun protection behaviors, UVR exposure, and incidence of sunburns and nevi. Free provision of sunscreen was most often the environmental component of interest, however showing inconsistent results in terms of effectiveness. Evidence regarding shade provision on shade-seeking behavior was most apparent. Even though more research is necessary to consolidate the findings, this review accentuates the promising role of environmental components in skin cancer prevention interventions and provides directions for future multi-component sun safety interventions targeted at children and adolescents in various outdoor settings.

Suggested Citation

  • K. Thoonen & L. van Osch & H. de Vries & S. Jongen & F. Schneider, 2020. "Are Environmental Interventions Targeting Skin Cancer Prevention among Children and Adolescents Effective? A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-29, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:529-:d:308668
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniela Haluza & Stana Simic & Hanns Moshammer, 2016. "Sun Exposure Prevalence and Associated Skin Health Habits: Results from the Austrian Population-Based UVSkinRisk Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Jacovides, C.P. & Boland, J. & Rizou, D. & Kaltsounides, N.A. & Theoharatos, G.A., 2012. "School Students participation in monitoring solar radiation components: Preliminary results for UVB and UVA solar radiant fluxes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 367-374.
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    6. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    7. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
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    1. Sotiroula Theodosi & Iolie Nicolaidou, 2023. "Validation of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index (SEPI) in Greek: An Instrument for Measuring Children’s Sun Protection Propensity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Gabrielle J. Adams & Elianna K. Goldstein & Beth G. Goldstein & Kristen L. Jarman & Adam O. Goldstein, 2021. "Attitudes and Behaviors That Impact Skin Cancer Risk among Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-9, September.

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