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Exploring the Relationship between Green Space in a Neighbourhood and Cardiovascular Health in the Winter City of China: A Study Using a Health Survey for Harbin

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  • Hong Leng

    (School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Shuyuan Li

    (School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Shichun Yan

    (Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Xiuli An

    (Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract

A severely cold climate has a significant impact on cardiovascular health, involving temperature, air environment, exercise and diet. Existing studies have revealed that green space, as an important health resource, may play a positive role in promoting cardiovascular health through the air environment and exercise. Studies focusing on the correlation between green space and cardiovascular health are rarely carried out in winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to take a winter city in China as an empirical case to explore the correlation between green space in a neighbourhood and cardiovascular health in a representative sample at the neighbourhood level, combining the results with Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards (GB50180-2018) in China and the existing research. The results showed that green space characteristics of a neighbourhood were related to cardiovascular disease and some of its risk factors. In neighbourhoods with a Green Space Ratio lower than 28%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, hypertension and stroke. In neighbourhoods with a Green View Index lower than 15%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and stroke. A correlation was found between evergreen tree configuration type and the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension. No correlation was found between the type of sports field and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, except for hypertension. Residents’ cardiovascular health scores also showed significant differences among neighbourhoods with different green space characteristics. Intervention efforts may benefit from emphasising the importance of improving the Green Space Ratio and Green View Index effectively in a neighbourhood to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong Leng & Shuyuan Li & Shichun Yan & Xiuli An, 2020. "Exploring the Relationship between Green Space in a Neighbourhood and Cardiovascular Health in the Winter City of China: A Study Using a Health Survey for Harbin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:513-:d:308418
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    1. Addy, C.L. & Wilson, D.K. & Kirtland, K.A. & Ainsworth, B.E. & Sharpe, P. & Kimsey, D., 2004. "Associations of Perceived Social and Physical Environmental Supports with Physical Activity and Walking Behavior," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(3), pages 440-443.
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    2. Regina Grazuleviciene & Sandra Andrusaityte & Audrius Dėdelė & Tomas Grazulevicius & Leonas Valius & Aurimas Rapalavicius & Violeta Kapustinskiene & Inga Bendokiene, 2021. "Urban Environment and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Influence of Environmental Quality and Physical Activity on Blood Pressure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Yuheng Mao & Yichen He & Tianyu Xia & Haorun Xu & Shuai Zhou & Jinguang Zhang, 2022. "Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Konrad Reuß & Christopher Huth, 2024. "Redefining Urban Recreation: A Demand Analysis for Urban Year-Round Green Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Jean C. Bikomeye & Andreas M. Beyer & Jamila L. Kwarteng & Kirsten M. M. Beyer, 2022. "Greenspace, Inflammation, Cardiovascular Health, and Cancer: A Review and Conceptual Framework for Greenspace in Cardio-Oncology Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-22, February.
    6. Hania Rahimi-Ardabili & Thomas Astell-Burt & Phi-Yen Nguyen & Juan Zhang & Yu Jiang & Guang-Hui Dong & Xiaoqi Feng, 2021. "Green Space and Health in Mainland China: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-22, September.
    7. S.M. Labib & Faysal Kabir Shuvo & Matthew H. E. M. Browning & Alessandro Rigolon, 2020. "Noncommunicable Diseases, Park Prescriptions, and Urban Green Space Use Patterns in a Global South Context: The Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-23, May.
    8. Kun Wang & Zhihao Sun & Meng Cai & Lingbo Liu & Hao Wu & Zhenghong Peng, 2022. "Impacts of Urban Blue-Green Space on Residents’ Health: A Bibliometric Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-21, December.
    9. Phi-Yen Nguyen & Thomas Astell-Burt & Hania Rahimi-Ardabili & Xiaoqi Feng, 2021. "Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-38, October.
    10. Jobst Augustin & Ramona Bei der Kellen & Christian-Alexander Behrendt & Christina Magnussen & Claudia Terschüren & Leonie Ascone & Simone Kühn & Sandra Wolf & Matthias Augustin & Valerie Andrees, 2022. "Associations between a Subjective Living Environment and Quality of Life among People with Arterial Hypertension—Results from the Hamburg City Health Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.

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