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Photochemical Generation of Methyl Chloride from Humic Aicd: Impacts of Precursor Concentration, Solution pH, Solution Salinity and Ferric Ion

Author

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  • Hui Liu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Yingying Pu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Tong Tong

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Xiaomei Zhu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Bing Sun

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Xiaoxing Zhang

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

Abstract

Methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) is presently understood to arise from biotic and abiotic processes in marine systems. However, the production of CH 3 Cl via photochemical processes has not been well studied. Here, we reported the production of CH 3 Cl from humic acid (HA) in sunlit saline water and the effects of the concentration of HA, chloride ions, ferric ions and pH were investigated. HA in aqueous chloride solutions or natural seawater were irradiated under an artificial light, and the amounts of CH 3 Cl were determined using a purge-and-trap and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CH 3 Cl was generated upon irradiation and its amount increased with increasing irradiation time and the light intensity. The formation of CH 3 Cl increased with an increase of HA concentration ranging from 2 mg L −1 to 20 mg L −1 and chloride ion concentration ranging from 0.02 mol L −1 to 0.5 mol L −1 . The photochemical production of CH 3 Cl was pH-dependent, with the highest amount of CH 3 Cl generating near neutral conditions. Additionally, the generation of CH 3 Cl was inhibited by ferric ions. Finally, natural coastal seawater was irradiated under artificial light and the concentration of CH 3 Cl rose significantly. Our results suggest that the photochemical process of HA may be a source of CH 3 Cl in the marine environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Liu & Yingying Pu & Tong Tong & Xiaomei Zhu & Bing Sun & Xiaoxing Zhang, 2020. "Photochemical Generation of Methyl Chloride from Humic Aicd: Impacts of Precursor Concentration, Solution pH, Solution Salinity and Ferric Ion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:503-:d:308296
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. F. Keppler & R. Eiden & V. Niedan & J. Pracht & H. F. Schöler, 2000. "Halocarbons produced by natural oxidation processes during degradation of organic matter," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6767), pages 298-301, January.
    2. Y. Yokouchi & Y. Noijiri & L. A. Barrie & D. Toom-Sauntry & T. Machida & Y. Inuzuka & H. Akimoto & H.-J. Li & Y. Fujinuma & S. Aoki, 2000. "A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6767), pages 295-298, January.
    3. Robert C. Rhew & Benjamin R. Miller & Ray F. Weiss, 2000. "Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6767), pages 292-295, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hui Liu & Tong Tong & Yingying Pu & Bing Sun & Xiaomei Zhu & Zhiyu Yan, 2020. "Insight Into the Formation Paths of Methyl Bromide From Syringic Acid in Aqueous Bromide Solutions Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-12, March.

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