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Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos E. Galván-Tejada

    (Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Cintya Fabiola Herrera-García

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Susana Godina-González

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos

    (Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Juan Daniel De Luna Amaro

    (Hospital General de Jerez, Zacatecas 99390, Mexico)

  • Karla Herrera-García

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Carolina Rodríguez-Quiñones

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Laura A. Zanella-Calzada

    (LORIA (INRIA, CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus Scientifique BP 239, 54506 Nancy, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Julio Ramírez-Barranco

    (Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, ISSSTE, Gpe. Zacatecas 98613, Mexico)

  • Jocelyn L. Ruiz de Avila

    (Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico)

  • Fuensanta Reyes-Escobedo

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • José M. Celaya-Padilla

    (Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Jorge I. Galván-Tejada

    (Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales

    (Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Mónica Martínez-Acuña

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Alberto Cervantes-Villagrana

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Bruno Rivas-Santiago

    (Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

  • Irma E. Gonzalez-Curiel

    (Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico)

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos E. Galván-Tejada & Cintya Fabiola Herrera-García & Susana Godina-González & Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos & Juan Daniel De Luna Amaro & Karla Herrera-García & Carolina Rodríguez-Quiñones & Laura, 2020. "Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9367-:d:462067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van Buuren, Stef & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin, 2011. "mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i03).
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