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Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia and Its Association with the Frailty Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes

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  • Grzegorz K. Jakubiak

    (Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Specialistic Hospital No. 2 in Bytom, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
    Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland)

  • Natalia Pawlas

    (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Cieślar

    (Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland)

  • Agata Stanek

    (Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Peripheral arterial disease affecting lower limb arteries is one of the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. The frailty syndrome (Frailty) is a problem associated with diminution of physiological reserves. The ankle-brachial index is a commonly used tool for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The usefulness of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is limited in people with diabetes because of calcification of the middle layer of arteries. In this population, toe-brachial index should be measured. Frailty may be associated with worse prognosis for patients undergoing revascularization. Amputation may be an important factor leading to the development of Frailty. The risk of amputation and the prognosis after revascularization may be modified by some medications and blood glucose levels. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about the association between PAD, especially in patients living with diabetes and Frailty.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz K. Jakubiak & Natalia Pawlas & Grzegorz Cieślar & Agata Stanek, 2020. "Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia and Its Association with the Frailty Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9339-:d:461610
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt & Sören Möller & Mikael Thinggaard & Kaare Christensen & Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen, 2019. "Sex Differences in Comorbidity and Frailty in Europe," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(7), pages 1025-1036, September.
    2. James Heyward & Omar Mansour & Lily Olson & Sonal Singh & G Caleb Alexander, 2020. "Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and lower extremity amputation: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Yurong Zhang & Gang Hu & Zuyi Yuan & Liwei Chen, 2012. "Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relationship to Cardiovascular Outcomes and Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(8), pages 1-11, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Szymon Mućka & Martyna Miodońska & Grzegorz K. Jakubiak & Monika Starzak & Grzegorz Cieślar & Agata Stanek, 2022. "Endothelial Function Assessment by Flow-Mediated Dilation Method: A Valuable Tool in the Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Marek Zak & Tomasz Sikorski & Magdalena Wasik & Daniel Courteix & Frederic Dutheil & Waldemar Brola, 2022. "Frailty Syndrome—Fall Risk and Rehabilitation Management Aided by Virtual Reality (VR) Technology Solutions: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Alexandru Achim & Agata Stanek & Călin Homorodean & Mihail Spinu & Horea Laurenţiu Onea & Leontin Lazăr & Mădălin Marc & Zoltán Ruzsa & Dan Mircea Olinic, 2022. "Approaches to Peripheral Artery Disease in Diabetes: Are There Any Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Grzegorz K. Jakubiak & Natalia Pawlas & Grzegorz Cieślar & Agata Stanek, 2021. "Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-23, November.
    5. Carlos Farinha & Hélder Santos & João Serrano & Bárbara Oliveiros & Fernanda M. Silva & Márcio Cascante-Rusenhack & Ana Maria Teixeira & José Pedro Ferreira, 2022. "The Impact of Aquatic Exercise Programs on the Intima-Media thickness of the Carotid Arteries, Hemodynamic Parameters, Lipid Profile and Chemokines of Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Randomized Co," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-17, March.
    6. Katarzyna Kaniewska & Anna Kuryliszyn-Moskal & Anna Hryniewicz & Diana Moskal-Jasińska & Mariusz Wojciuk & Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej, 2022. "Static Foot Disturbances and the Quality of Life of Older Person with Rheumatoid Arthritis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    7. Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá & Vivencio Barrios & David Fierro-González & Jose Polo-García & Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo, 2023. "Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Their Degree of Control as Perceived by Primary Care Physicians in a Survey—TERESA-Opinion Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.

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