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A Scoping Review of How Income Affects Accessing Local Green Space to Engage in Outdoor Physical Activity to Improve Well-Being: Implications for Post-COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Llinos Haf Spencer

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

  • Mary Lynch

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK
    School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2EF, UK)

  • Catherine L. Lawrence

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

  • Rhiannon Tudor Edwards

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

Abstract

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has set out guidance for promoting physical activity (PA) in the physical environment to promote health and well-being. The aim of this selective scoping review was to investigate the influence of gross income on accessing local green spaces to engage in PA and the associated health benefits. Methods: A scoping review was conducted of international literature to facilitate the clarification of the research question. Findings: 15 papers were critically appraised under two themes: (1) environments and well-being and (2) PA and income/socioeconomic status and impact on the frequency, duration and opportunity to engage in PA. Interpretation: Income is related to differential use of green and blue spaces for PA, due mainly to access issues. People who live in lower socioeconomic areas tend to be more sedentary and there are also gender differences related to PA in built environments. Conclusion: There is an effect of income in using green spaces for PA, but the relationship is non-linear, and there is still a lack of knowledge about what kind of green spaces are best for health benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of accessing green local spaces to engage in physical exercise to improve well-being among the public.

Suggested Citation

  • Llinos Haf Spencer & Mary Lynch & Catherine L. Lawrence & Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, 2020. "A Scoping Review of How Income Affects Accessing Local Green Space to Engage in Outdoor Physical Activity to Improve Well-Being: Implications for Post-COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9313-:d:461219
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lutz Bornmann & Rüdiger Mutz, 2015. "Growth rates of modern science: A bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited references," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 66(11), pages 2215-2222, November.
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    3. Mary Lynch & Llinos Haf Spencer & Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, 2020. "A Systematic Review Exploring the Economic Valuation of Accessing and Using Green and Blue Spaces to Improve Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Amber L. Pearson & Victoria Breeze & Aaron Reuben & Gwen Wyatt, 2021. "Increased Use of Porch or Backyard Nature during COVID-19 Associated with Lower Stress and Better Symptom Experience among Breast Cancer Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Yiqing Su & Huan Xu & Xiaoting Zhang, 2024. "How Can Public Spaces Contribute to Increased Incomes for Urban Residents—A Social Capital Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-24, June.
    4. Llinos Haf Spencer & Mary Lynch & Gwenlli Mair Thomas & Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, 2023. "Intergenerational Deliberations for Long Term Sustainability," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Albert Lee & Keiko Nakamura, 2021. "Engaging Diverse Community Groups to Promote Population Health through Healthy City Approach: Analysis of Successful Cases in Western Pacific Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-26, June.
    6. Yuta Uchiyama & Ryo Kohsaka, 2022. "Visiting Peri-Urban Forestlands and Mountains during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Analysis on Effects of Land Use and Awareness of Visitors," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, July.

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