IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i24p9166-d458669.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2014

Author

Listed:
  • Hye Yin Park

    (Samsung Health Research Institute, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18448, Korea
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Youn-Hee Lim

    (Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 København, Denmark)

  • Jae Bum Park

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea)

  • Jeongbae Rhie

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea)

  • Soo-Jin Lee

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea)

Abstract

While exposure to sunlight is a well-documented primary source of vitamin D supply, factors leading to vitamin D deficiency vary according to population characteristics. Using nationwide data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we aimed to investigate a diverse range of potential factors in association with vitamin D deficiency. Overall, 21,208 participants aged ≥20 years were selected from KNHANES conducted between 2010 and 2014. The associations between various environmental and occupational factors and vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL) were evaluated in logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates and also after stratification for age and sex. Under given criteria, 15,138 (71.4%) participants were vitamin D deficient. Significant associations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and average environmental temperature and radiation, weekly walking frequency, type of occupation, and shift work. When participants were stratified by age and sex, we observed greater associations of vitamin D deficiency with walking frequency among young males (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.05–1.47] for those walking <5 times per week compared to those walking ≥5 times per week) and shift work (OR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.10–1.78] for those working at night compared to those working during the day). We also observed a significant association of vitamin D deficiency with educational attainment (OR [95% CI]: 1.43 [1.09–1.89] for those with ≤middle school compared to those with ≥high school) among older group of females. This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency is related to geographical conditions and subpopulation characteristics. The age and sex-specific associations may urge the effective promotion of vitamin D supply recommendations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hye Yin Park & Youn-Hee Lim & Jae Bum Park & Jeongbae Rhie & Soo-Jin Lee, 2020. "Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2014," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9166-:d:458669
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9166/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9166/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mi-Ra Lee & Su-Jin Han & Hee-Eun Kim & Jun-Seon Choi, 2021. "Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥60 Years: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-8, April.
    2. Margherita Martelli & Gianmaria Salvio & Lory Santarelli & Massimo Bracci, 2022. "Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9166-:d:458669. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.