Author
Listed:
- Hye Yin Park
(Samsung Health Research Institute, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18448, Korea
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea)
- Youn-Hee Lim
(Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 København, Denmark)
- Jae Bum Park
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea)
- Jeongbae Rhie
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea)
- Soo-Jin Lee
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea)
Abstract
While exposure to sunlight is a well-documented primary source of vitamin D supply, factors leading to vitamin D deficiency vary according to population characteristics. Using nationwide data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we aimed to investigate a diverse range of potential factors in association with vitamin D deficiency. Overall, 21,208 participants aged ≥20 years were selected from KNHANES conducted between 2010 and 2014. The associations between various environmental and occupational factors and vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL) were evaluated in logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates and also after stratification for age and sex. Under given criteria, 15,138 (71.4%) participants were vitamin D deficient. Significant associations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and average environmental temperature and radiation, weekly walking frequency, type of occupation, and shift work. When participants were stratified by age and sex, we observed greater associations of vitamin D deficiency with walking frequency among young males (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.05–1.47] for those walking <5 times per week compared to those walking ≥5 times per week) and shift work (OR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.10–1.78] for those working at night compared to those working during the day). We also observed a significant association of vitamin D deficiency with educational attainment (OR [95% CI]: 1.43 [1.09–1.89] for those with ≤middle school compared to those with ≥high school) among older group of females. This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency is related to geographical conditions and subpopulation characteristics. The age and sex-specific associations may urge the effective promotion of vitamin D supply recommendations.
Suggested Citation
Hye Yin Park & Youn-Hee Lim & Jae Bum Park & Jeongbae Rhie & Soo-Jin Lee, 2020.
"Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2014,"
IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-11, December.
Handle:
RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9166-:d:458669
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Citations
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Cited by:
- Mi-Ra Lee & Su-Jin Han & Hee-Eun Kim & Jun-Seon Choi, 2021.
"Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥60 Years: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014),"
IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-8, April.
- Margherita Martelli & Gianmaria Salvio & Lory Santarelli & Massimo Bracci, 2022.
"Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,"
IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.
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