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Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India

Author

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  • Priyanka Athavale

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
    School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA)

  • Nehaa Khadka

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
    Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Shampa Roy

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Piyasree Mukherjee

    (Swasti Health Catalyst, Mumbai 560094, India)

  • Deepika Chandra Mohan

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Bathsheba (Bethy) Turton

    (University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia)

  • Karen Sokal-Gutierrez

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

Abstract

In India, globalization has caused a nutrition transition from home-cooked foods to processed sugary snacks and drinks, contributing to increased early childhood caries (ECC). This mixed-methods study describes risk factors for ECC and associations with undernutrition in low-income communities in Mumbai. Interviews with mothers of 959 children, ages six-months through six-years, addressed maternal-child nutrition and oral health, and children received dental exams and anthropometric assessments. Focus groups with community health workers and mothers explored experiences and perceptions of oral health, nutrition, and ECC. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses of quantitative data, and content analysis of qualitative data were performed. Eighty percent of children lived 5 min from a junk-food store, over 50% consumed junk-food and sugary tea daily, 50% experienced ECC, 19% had severe deep tooth decay, 27% experienced mouth pain, and 56% experienced chronic and/or acute malnutrition. In children ages 3–6, each additional tooth with deep decay was associated with increased odds of undernutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.10, Confidence Interval [CI] 1.02–1.21). Focus groups identified the junk-food environment, busy family life, and limited dental care as contributors to ECC. Policy interventions include limits on junk-food marketing and incorporating oral health services and counseling on junk-food/sugary drinks into maternal–child health programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Priyanka Athavale & Nehaa Khadka & Shampa Roy & Piyasree Mukherjee & Deepika Chandra Mohan & Bathsheba (Bethy) Turton & Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, 2020. "Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-17, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8629-:d:448538
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marvin So & Yianni A. Ellenikiotis & Hannah M. Husby & Cecilia Leonor Paz & Brittany Seymour & Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, 2017. "Early Childhood Dental Caries, Mouth Pain, and Malnutrition in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, May.
    2. Khanh, L.N. & Ivey, S.L. & Sokal-Gutierrez, K. & Barkan, H. & Ngo, K.M. & Hoang, H.T. & Vuong, I. & Thai, N., 2015. "Early childhood caries, mouth pain, and nutritional threats in Vietnam," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(12), pages 2510-2517.
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    1. Martin Samohyl & Jana Babjakova & Diana Vondrova & Jana Jurkovicova & Juraj Stofko & Branislav Kollar & Katarina Hirosova & Alexandra Filova & Lubica Argalasova, 2021. "Factors Associated with Non-Attendance at Dental Preventive Care in Slovak High School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Huay Woon You, 2022. "Modelling Analysis on Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Status among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.
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