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Scoping Review: Intergenerational Resource Transfer and Possible Enabling Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Eliza Lai-Yi Wong

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Jennifer Mengwei Liao

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Christopher Etherton-Beer

    (Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western, Perth, WA 6009, Australia)

  • Loretta Baldassar

    (School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, The University of Western, Perth, WA 6009, Australia)

  • Gary Cheung

    (School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Claire Margaret Dale

    (Retirement Policy and Research Centre, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Elisabeth Flo

    (Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, The University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway)

  • Bettina Sandgathe Husebø

    (Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, The University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway)

  • Roy Lay-Yee

    (Centre for Methods & Policy Application in the Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Adele Millard

    (School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, The University of Western, Perth, WA 6009, Australia)

  • Kathy Ann Peri

    (School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Praveen Thokala

    (Health Economics and Decision Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK)

  • Chek-hooi Wong

    (Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Patsy Yuen-Kwan Chau

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Crystal Ying Chan

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Roger Yat-Nork Chung

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Eng-Kiong Yeoh

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

We explore the intergenerational pattern of resource transfer and possible associated factors. A scoping review was conducted of quantitative, peer-reviewed, English-language studies related to intergenerational transfer or interaction. We searched AgeLine, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts for articles published between Jane 2008 and December 2018. Seventy-five studies from 25 countries met the inclusion criteria. The scoping review categorised resource transfers into three types: financial, instrumental, and emotional support. Using an intergenerational solidarity framework, factors associated with intergenerational transfer were placed in four categories: (1) demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, marital status, education, and ethno-cultural background); (2) needs and opportunities factors, including health, financial resources, and employment status; (3) family structures, namely, family composition, family relationship, and earlier family events; and (4) cultural-contextual structures, including state policies and social norms. Those factors were connected to the direction of resource transfer between generations. Downward transfers from senior to junior generations occur more frequently than upward transfers in many developed countries. Women dominate instrumental transfers, perhaps influenced by traditional gender roles. Overall, the pattern of resource transfer between generations is shown, and the impact of social norms and social policy on intergenerational transfers is highlighted. Policymakers should recognise the complicated interplay of each factor with different cultural contexts. The findings could inform policies that strengthen intergenerational solidarity and support.

Suggested Citation

  • Eliza Lai-Yi Wong & Jennifer Mengwei Liao & Christopher Etherton-Beer & Loretta Baldassar & Gary Cheung & Claire Margaret Dale & Elisabeth Flo & Bettina Sandgathe Husebø & Roy Lay-Yee & Adele Millard , 2020. "Scoping Review: Intergenerational Resource Transfer and Possible Enabling Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7868-:d:435440
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valeria Bordone & Helga A. G. Valk, 2016. "Intergenerational support among migrant families in Europe," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 259-270, September.
    2. Yen-Pi Cheng & Kira S. Birditt & Steven H. Zarit & Karen L. Fingerman, 2015. "Young Adults’ Provision of Support to Middle-Aged Parents," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(3), pages 407-416.
    3. Kee-Lee Chou, 2010. "Number of Children and Upstream Intergenerational Financial Transfers: Evidence From Hong Kong," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 65(2), pages 227-235.
    4. Sergi Jiménez‐Martín & Cristina Vilaplana Prieto, 2015. "Informal Care Motivations and Intergenerational Transfers in European Countries," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(S1), pages 89-103, March.
    5. Leen Heylen & Dimitri Mortelmans & Maarten Hermans & Kim Boudiny, 2012. "The intermediate effect of geographic proximity on intergenerational support," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 27(17), pages 455-486.
    6. Kyungmin Kim & Karen L. Fingerman & Kira S. Birditt & Steven H. Zarit, 2016. "Capturing Between- and Within-Family Differences in Parental Support to Adult Children: A Typology Approach," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(6), pages 1034-1045.
    7. Tom Emery, 2013. "Intergenerational transfers and European families: Does the number of siblings matter?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 29(10), pages 247-274.
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    2. Isabelle von Saenger & Lena Dahlberg & Erika Augustsson & Johan Fritzell & Carin Lennartsson, 2023. "Will your child take care of you in your old age? Unequal caregiving received by older parents from adult children in Sweden," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.

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