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Mental Health Literacy Intervention on Help-Seeking in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Danran Bu

    (Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
    HuBei Institute of Sport Science, Wuhan 432025, China)

  • Pak-Kwong Chung

    (Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China)

  • Chun-Qing Zhang

    (Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

  • Jingdong Liu

    (Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

  • Xiang Wang

    (Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China)

Abstract

Mental health literacy (MHL) is recognised as a major factor in whether athletes seek help when they experience mental health difficulties. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide a systematic review of the effectiveness of MHL training programmes in improving mental health knowledge and help-seeking and reducing stigma among athletes. To identify intervention studies of MHL programmes, five electronic databases were systematically searched for articles published before May 2020. The selection procedure was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All kinds of study designs were included. Effect sizes were calculated for mental health knowledge, stigma reduction and help-seeking attitudes, intentions and behaviours. Risk of bias was assessed for each study using the Cochrane tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Five studies (1239 participants in total) were selected for review. Overall, either small or medium effects were found for mental health knowledge, stigma reduction, help-seeking attitudes, and intentions for post- and follow-up interventions, whereas a null effect was found in help-seeking behaviours for both post- and follow-up interventions. Furthermore, three studies had a low risk of bias, and two had a high risk of bias. MHL interventions can enhance help-seeking attitudes and intentions and mental health knowledge and reduce stigma but do not increase help-seeking behaviours for now. Further studies should evaluate interventions to enhance help-seeking behaviours. Furthermore, the methodological quality of studies, including randomized controlled trials and other designs, should be improved in future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Danran Bu & Pak-Kwong Chung & Chun-Qing Zhang & Jingdong Liu & Xiang Wang, 2020. "Mental Health Literacy Intervention on Help-Seeking in Athletes: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7263-:d:423725
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pedro Dias & Luísa Campos & Helena Almeida & Filipa Palha, 2018. "Mental Health Literacy in Young Adults: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, June.
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    5. Kenneth F Schulz & Douglas G Altman & David Moher & for the CONSORT Group, 2010. "CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Ling Tay & Yong Shian Shawn Goh & Kang Sim & Piyanee Klainin-Yobas, 2022. "Impact of the HOPE Intervention on Mental Health Literacy, Psychological Well-Being and Stress Levels amongst University Undergraduates: A Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Xiang Wang & Wei Liang & Jingdong Liu & Chun-Qing Zhang & Yanping Duan & Gangyan Si & Danran Bu & Daliang Zhao, 2022. "Further Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy Scale: Evidence from Chinese Elite Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, October.

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