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Clustering of Poor Dietary Habits among Adolescents Aged 12 to 15 Years in 52 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries

Author

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  • Hui Fan

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China)

  • Xingyu Zhang

    (Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

Abstract

Very few studies have reported the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits. We thus aimed to estimate the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data were obtained from the Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) from 2009 to 2017. The suboptimal dietary factors included fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake, which were assessed with a questionnaire survey. We calculated the corresponding country-specific prevalence with the number of suboptimal dietary factors. We also calculated pooled estimates across countries using a meta-analysis with random-effects. Our study included 145,021 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age from 52 LMICs. The prevalence of fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 20.9% in Pakistan to 80.0% in Thailand, from 22.4% in Kiribati to 79.3% in Suriname, and from 45.9% in Vanuatu to 90.7% in Nepal, respectively. The prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors varied greatly across countries, ranging from 31.8% in Pakistan to 53.8% in Nepal and from 8.6% in Vietnam to 36.4% in Suriname, respectively. The pooled prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors was 41.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Our findings indicate that poor dietary habits are frequent and tend to co-occur in adolescents in LMICs. Country-specific policies and programs are needed to address these conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Fan & Xingyu Zhang, 2020. "Clustering of Poor Dietary Habits among Adolescents Aged 12 to 15 Years in 52 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6806-:d:415403
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, L. & Bovet, P. & Liu, Y. & Zhao, M. & Ma, C. & Liang, Y. & Xi, B., 2017. "Consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 53 low-and middle-income countries," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(7), pages 1095-1100.
    2. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303762_3 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Cullen, K.W. & Ash, D.M. & Warneke, C. & De Moor, C., 2002. "Intake of soft drinks, fruit-flavored beverages, and fruits and vegetables by children in grades 4 through 6," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(9), pages 1475-1478.
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