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Spatial Analysis of the Neighborhood Risk Factors for Respiratory Health in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT): Implications for Emergency Planning

Author

Listed:
  • Sarah Davies

    (École des Haute Études en Santé Publique (EHESP), 35043 Rennes, France)

  • Paul Konings

    (National Centre for Geographic Resources & Analysis in in Primary Health Care (GRAPHC), Canberra 2601, Australia)

  • Aparna Lal

    (Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia)

Abstract

The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) experienced the worst air quality in the world for several consecutive days following the 2019–2020 Australian bushfires. With a focus on asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), this retrospective study examined the neighborhood-level risk factors for these diseases from 2011 to 2013, including household distance to hospital emergency departments (ED) and general practices (GP) and area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and demographic characteristics at a high spatial resolution. Poisson and Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWR) were compared to examine the need for spatially explicit models. GWR performed significantly better, with rates of both respiratory diseases positively associated with area-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Asthma rates were positively associated with increasing distance from a hospital. Increasing distance to GP was not associated with asthma or COPD rates. These results suggest that respiratory health improvements could be made by prioritizing areas of socioeconomic disadvantage. The ACT has a relatively high density of GP that is geographically well spaced. This distribution of GP could be leveraged to improve emergency response planning in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Davies & Paul Konings & Aparna Lal, 2020. "Spatial Analysis of the Neighborhood Risk Factors for Respiratory Health in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT): Implications for Emergency Planning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6396-:d:407868
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaoqi Feng & Thomas Astell-Burt, 2017. "Is Neighborhood Green Space Protective against Associations between Child Asthma, Neighborhood Traffic Volume and Perceived Lack of Area Safety? Multilevel Analysis of 4447 Australian Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Alexandra M Ouédraogo & Eric J Crighton & Michael Sawada & Teresa To & Kevin Brand & Eric Lavigne, 2018. "Exploration of the spatial patterns and determinants of asthma prevalence and health services use in Ontario using a Bayesian approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, December.
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