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Health Status and Health Care Needs of Drought-Related Migrants in the Horn of Africa—A Qualitative Investigation

Author

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  • Kristina Lindvall

    (Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

  • John Kinsman

    (Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (Division of International Health—IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Atakelti Abraha

    (Health Insurance Agency, Federal Ministry of Health, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Abdirisak Dalmar

    (Somali Disaster Resilience Institute (SDRI), Mogadishu, Somalia)

  • Mohamed Farah Abdullahi

    (Department of Research and Development, Puntland University of Science and Technology, Galkayo, Puntland, Somalia)

  • Hagos Godefay

    (Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, 07 Mekelle, Ethiopia)

  • Lelekoitien Lerenten Thomas

    (Climate Change Directorate, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya)

  • Mohamed Osman Mohamoud

    (Sadar Institute, Borama, Somalia)

  • Bile Khalif Mohamud

    (Support to Health Policy and System Development with Agenda for Research, Federal Ministry of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia
    Somali Swedish Researchers’ Association, 162 46 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Jairus Musumba

    (Department of Public Health, Nairobi City County Government, 00400 Nairobi, Kenya)

  • Barbara Schumann

    (Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

Abstract

Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia, situated in the Horn of Africa, are highly vulnerable to climate change, which manifests itself through increasing temperatures, erratic rains and prolonged droughts. Millions of people have to flee from droughts or floods either as cross-border refugees or as internally displaced persons (IDPs). The aim of this study was to identify knowledge status and gaps regarding public health consequences of large-scale displacement in these countries. After a scoping review, we conducted qualitative in-depth interviews during 2018 with 39 stakeholders from different disciplines and agencies in these three countries. A validation workshop was held with a selection of 13 interviewees and four project partners. Malnutrition and a lack of vaccination of displaced people are well-known challenges, while mental health problems and gender-based violence (GBV) are less visible to stakeholders. In particular, the needs of IDPs are not well understood. The treatment of mental health and GBV is insufficient, and IDPs have inadequate access to essential health services in refugee camps. Needs assessment and program evaluations with a patients’ perspective are either lacking or inadequate in most situations. The Horn of Africa is facing chronic food insecurity, poor population health and mass displacement. IDPs are an underserved group, and mental health services are lacking. A development approach is necessary that moves beyond emergency responses to the building of long-term resilience, the provision of livelihood support and protection to reduce displacement by droughts.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristina Lindvall & John Kinsman & Atakelti Abraha & Abdirisak Dalmar & Mohamed Farah Abdullahi & Hagos Godefay & Lelekoitien Lerenten Thomas & Mohamed Osman Mohamoud & Bile Khalif Mohamud & Jairus Mu, 2020. "Health Status and Health Care Needs of Drought-Related Migrants in the Horn of Africa—A Qualitative Investigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-18, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5917-:d:399244
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Johan Rockström & Malin Falkenmark, 2015. "Agriculture: Increase water harvesting in Africa," Nature, Nature, vol. 519(7543), pages 283-285, March.
    2. Ochieng, Justus & Kirimi, Lilian & Mathenge, Mary, 2016. "Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Agricultural Production: The Case of Small-Scale Farmers in Kenya," Working Papers 229711, Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development.
    3. Elizabeth Christenson & Mark Elliott & Ovik Banerjee & Laura Hamrick & Jamie Bartram, 2014. "Climate-Related Hazards: A Method for Global Assessment of Urban and Rural Population Exposure to Cyclones, Droughts, and Floods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Omolara Sanni & Bukola Salami & Folajinmi Oluwasina & Folakemi Ojo & Megan Kennedy, 2022. "Climate Change and African Migrant Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Kamar Naser & Zaeem Haq & Bernard D. Naughton, 2024. "The Impact of Climate Change on Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematised Review and Thematic Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-22, April.

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