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Living in a Multi-Risk Chaotic Condition: Pandemic, Natural Hazards and Complex Emergencies

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  • Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili

    (College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
    College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

Abstract

Humans are living in an uncertain world, with daily risks confronting them from various low to high hazard events, and the COVID-19 pandemic has created its own set of unique risks. Not only has it caused a significant number of fatalities, but in combination with other hazard sources, it may pose a considerably higher multi-risk. In this paper, three hazardous events are studied through the lens of a concurring pandemic. Several low-probability high-risk scenarios are developed by the combination of a pandemic situation with a natural hazard (e.g., earthquakes or floods) or a complex emergency situation (e.g., mass protests or military movements). The hybrid impacts of these multi-hazard situations are then qualitatively studied on the healthcare systems, and their functionality loss. The paper also discusses the impact of pandemic’s (long-term) temporal effects on the type and recovery duration from these adverse events. Finally, the concept of escape from a hazard, evacuation, sheltering and their potential conflict during a pandemic and a natural hazard is briefly reviewed. The findings show the cascading effects of these multi-hazard scenarios, which are unseen nearly in all risk legislation. This paper is an attempt to urge funding agencies to provide additional grants for multi-hazard risk research.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili, 2020. "Living in a Multi-Risk Chaotic Condition: Pandemic, Natural Hazards and Complex Emergencies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5635-:d:394625
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    1. Andra-Cosmina Albulescu, 2023. "Exploring the links between flood events and the COVID-19 infection cases in Romania in the new multi-hazard-prone era," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(2), pages 1611-1631, June.
    2. Thushara Kamalrathne & Dilanthi Amaratunga & Richard Haigh & Lahiru Kodituwakku & Chintha Rupasinghe, 2024. "Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Response in a Multi-Hazard Context: COVID-19 Pandemic as a Point of Reference," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-24, September.

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