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Gender Differences in Factors Influencing Self-Efficacy Toward Pregnancy Planning among College Students in Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Saem Yi Kang

    (College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Hae Won Kim

    (Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing college students’ self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning by gender using the health belief model (HBM). Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 819 college students were recruited. A survey was administered to gather information on health beliefs related to pregnancy planning, self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning, fertility knowledge, and general characteristics. The main variables were compared by gender. The factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning were identified using hierarchical regression analysis. Female students (476) had lower self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning than male students (343). The significant factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning in female students were: depression (β = −0.09, p = 0.030), fertility knowledge (β = 0.08, p = 0.025), barriers (β = −0.57, p < 0.001), and cues to action (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), whereas the corresponding factors in male students were benefits (β = 0.12, p = 0.020), barriers (β = −0.44, p < 0.001), and cues to action (β = 0.16, p = 0.001). The present study confirmed the suitability of the HBM as a conceptual framework for identifying factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning. Based on the findings of this study, gender-based similarities and differences in factors influencing self-efficacy should be considered when taking steps to promote self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning among college students.

Suggested Citation

  • Saem Yi Kang & Hae Won Kim, 2020. "Gender Differences in Factors Influencing Self-Efficacy Toward Pregnancy Planning among College Students in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3735-:d:362647
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hall, Kelli Stidham & Kusunoki, Yasamin & Gatny, Heather & Barber, Jennifer, 2014. "The risk of unintended pregnancy among young women with mental health symptoms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 62-71.
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