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Blood Mercury Levels in Children with Kawasaki Disease and Disease Outcome

Author

Listed:
  • Ling-Sai Chang

    (Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan)

  • Jia-Huei Yan

    (Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan)

  • Jin-Yu Li

    (Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Deniz Des Yeter

    (KU School of Nursing, Nursing Associate Tech Adult Inpatient Psych KU Strawberry Hill Campus, Kansas City, KS 66101, USA)

  • Ying-Hsien Huang

    (Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan)

  • Mindy Ming-Huey Guo

    (Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan)

  • Mao-Hung Lo

    (Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan)

  • Ho-Chang Kuo

    (Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
    Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan)

Abstract

The risk of ethnic Kawasaki disease (KD) has been proposed to be associated with blood mercury levels in American children. We investigated the blood levels of mercury in children with KD and their association with disease outcome. The mercury levels demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with sodium levels ( p = 0.007). However, data failed to reach a significant difference after excluding the child with blood mercury exceeding the toxic value. The findings indicate that KD patients with lower sodium concentrations had a remarkably higher proportion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance ( p = 0.022). Our patients who had lower mercury levels (<0.5 μg/L) had more changes in bacille Calmette-Guerin. Mercury levels in 14/14 patients with coronary artery lesions and 4/4 patients with IVIG resistance were all measured to have values greater than 1 μg/L (while average values showed 0.92 μg/L in Asian American children). Mercury levels had no correlations with IVIG resistance or coronary artery lesion (CAL) formation ( p > 0.05). CAL development was more common in the incomplete group than in the complete KD group ( p = 0.019). In this first report about mercury levels in KD patients, we observed that the juvenile Taiwanese had higher mercury concentration in blood compared to other populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling-Sai Chang & Jia-Huei Yan & Jin-Yu Li & Deniz Des Yeter & Ying-Hsien Huang & Mindy Ming-Huey Guo & Mao-Hung Lo & Ho-Chang Kuo, 2020. "Blood Mercury Levels in Children with Kawasaki Disease and Disease Outcome," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3726-:d:362595
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Flavia Ruggieri & Costanza Majorani & Francesco Domanico & Alessandro Alimonti, 2017. "Mercury in Children: Current State on Exposure through Human Biomonitoring Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-27, May.
    2. Deniz Yeter & Michael A. Portman & Michael Aschner & Marcelo Farina & Wen-Ching Chan & Kai-Sheng Hsieh & Ho-Chang Kuo, 2016. "Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, January.
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