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Correlations between Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios and Health Care Disparities in Testicular Cancer

Author

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  • Wen-Jung Chen

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    These authors contribute equally to the paper.)

  • Cheng-Yu Huang

    (Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
    These authors contribute equally to the paper.)

  • Yu-Hui Huang

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Shao-Chuan Wang

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Tzuo-Yi Hsieh

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Sung-Lang Chen

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Wei Sung

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Tsung-Hsien Lee

    (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40652, Taiwan)

Abstract

The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcomes of different types of cancer as well as the ranking of health care systems. However, the association between MIRs for testicular cancer and health care disparities, including differences in expenditures and health system rankings, has not yet been reported. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (CC) to analyze the correlation between testicular cancer MIRs and both total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health system rankings. After screening the data for quality and missing information, 57 countries were chosen for analysis. Generally, developed countries and regions had relatively high rates of incidence/mortality, but with a favorable MIR. Among the continents, Europe had the highest incidence rates, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa. Globally, favorable testicular cancer MIRs were observed in countries with both a high e/GDP and a good WHO ranking (R 2 = 0.325, p < 0.001 and CC = −0.568, p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.367, p < 0.001 and CC = 0.655, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for testicular cancer varies in countries and regions based on both their total health expenditure and their health care system ranking.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Jung Chen & Cheng-Yu Huang & Yu-Hui Huang & Shao-Chuan Wang & Tzuo-Yi Hsieh & Sung-Lang Chen & Wen-Wei Sung & Tsung-Hsien Lee, 2019. "Correlations between Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios and Health Care Disparities in Testicular Cancer," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2019:i:1:p:130-:d:301337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheng-Yu Huang & Kwong-Kwok Au & Sung-Lang Chen & Shao-Chuan Wang & Chi-Yu Liao & Hui-Hsiang Hsu & Wen-Wei Sung & Yao-Chen Wang, 2018. "Unfavorable Mortality-To-Incidence Ratio of Lung Cancer Is Associated with Health Care Disparity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-9, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shao-Chuan Wang & Nai-Wen Chang & Wen-Jung Chen & Min-Hsin Yang & Sung-Lang Chen & Wen-Wei Sung, 2021. "Trends of Testicular Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Relation to Health Expenditure: An Ecological Study of 54 Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.

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