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Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults

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  • Moongu Song

    (College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Inhwan Lee

    (College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Hyunsik Kang

    (College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

Abstract

This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) without exercise testing and all-cause mortality in Korean older adults. The present study was carried out using data from the 2008 and 2011 Living Profiles of Older People Survey. A total of 14,122 participants aged 60 years and older (57% women) completed the 2008 baseline and 2011 follow-up assessments (i.e., socioeconomic status, health behaviors and conditions, and prevalence of chronic diseases), and they were included for the final analyses. CRF was estimated (eCRF) with sex-specific algorithms and classified as lower (lowest 25%), middle (middle 50%), and upper (highest 25%). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across eCRF categories. In total, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.059 (0.814~1.378) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.714 (1.304~2.253) for the lower eCRF group. In men, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.011 (0.716~1.427) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.566 (1.098~2.234) for the lower eCRF group. In women, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.064 (0.707~1.602) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.599 (1.032~2.478) for the lower eCRF group. The current findings suggest that eCRF may have an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, underscoring the importance of promoting physical activity to maintain a healthful level of CRF in Korean geriatric population.

Suggested Citation

  • Moongu Song & Inhwan Lee & Hyunsik Kang, 2019. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1633-:d:229863
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Posner, B.M. & Jette, A.M. & Smith, K.W. & Miller, D.R., 1993. "Nutrition and health risks in the elderly: The nutrition screening initiative," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 83(7), pages 972-978.
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    Cited by:

    1. Inhwan Lee & Shinuk Kim & Hyunsik Kang, 2020. "Non-Exercise Based Estimation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Mediates Associations between Comorbidities and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Korean Adults with Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Shinuk Kim, 2022. "Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Inhwan Lee & Jeonghyeon Kim & Hyunsik Kang, 2022. "Adding Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Framingham Risk Score and Mortality Risk in a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, January.

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