IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i8p1419-d224541.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Three-Dimensional Calibration for Routine Analyses of Bromide and Nitrate Ions as Indicators of Groundwater Quality in Coastal Territories

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Parrino

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy)

  • Giovanni Camera-Roda

    (Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy)

  • Vittorio Loddo

    (Department of Engineering (DI), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Leonardo Palmisano

    (Department of Engineering (DI), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

Nitrate and bromide ions are generally considered indicators of anthropogenic pollution and seawater intrusion, respectively, in the groundwater of coastal territories. The analysis of these species is generally carried out with routine chromatographic analyses which generally afford partially merged or poorly resolved peaks. In the present paper a simple method for the correct evaluation of their concentration in water is reported. This method does not imply utilization of other instruments or technologies, only the mathematical elaboration of the data obtained from routine analysis of standard solutions containing the two species. Standard binary solutions of nitrate and bromide ions at different concentrations, ranging between 0.1 and 2 mM, were analyzed by means of ion chromatography. Splitting two partially merged chromatographic peaks and considering each resulting area as originating from a single species produces “measured” concentration values which differ from the nominal ones. Such a procedure generates errors (one per species) which can be written as a function of the above mentioned “measured” concentrations and which can be graphically represented by means of a surface in a three-dimensional (3D) space. In this way, “measured” concentrations of bromide and nitrate ions can be corrected by calculating the errors generated under the experimental conditions at which the chromatographic separation is performed. Notably, this is analogous with the two-dimensional (2D) calibration normally carried out for analytical purposes. Indeed, both methods allow estimation of the unknown concentration of species in solution by correlating the instrumental response with the concentration of standard solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Parrino & Giovanni Camera-Roda & Vittorio Loddo & Leonardo Palmisano, 2019. "Three-Dimensional Calibration for Routine Analyses of Bromide and Nitrate Ions as Indicators of Groundwater Quality in Coastal Territories," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:8:p:1419-:d:224541
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1419/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1419/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mary H. Ward & Rena R. Jones & Jean D. Brender & Theo M. De Kok & Peter J. Weyer & Bernard T. Nolan & Cristina M. Villanueva & Simone G. Van Breda, 2018. "Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, July.
    2. Bouwer, Herman, 2000. "Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 217-228, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yuanyuan Zhang & Duujong Lee & Jing Ding & Jianfeng Lu, 2020. "Environmental Impact of High Concentration Nitrate Migration in Soil System Using HYDRUS Simulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tianheng Jiang & Maomao Wang & Wei Zhang & Cheng Zhu & Feijuan Wang, 2024. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: Current Status, Risk Assessment and Management Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Antony, Edna & Singandhupe, R. B., 2004. "Impact of drip and surface irrigation on growth, yield and WUE of capsicum (Capsicum annum L.)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 121-132, March.
    3. Morten Graversgaard & Beatrice Hedelin & Laurence Smith & Flemming Gertz & Anker Lajer Højberg & John Langford & Grit Martinez & Erik Mostert & Emilia Ptak & Heidi Peterson & Nico Stelljes & Cors Van , 2018. "Opportunities and Barriers for Water Co-Governance—A Critical Analysis of Seven Cases of Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture in Europe, Australia and North America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-39, May.
    4. Letizia Pitto & Francesca Gorini & Fabrizio Bianchi & Elena Guzzolino, 2020. "New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    5. Wichelns, Dennis & Oster, J.D., 2006. "Sustainable irrigation is necessary and achievable, but direct costs and environmental impacts can be substantial," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 114-127, November.
    6. Valentina Drozd & Vladimir Saenko & Daniel I. Branovan & Kate Brown & Shunichi Yamashita & Christoph Reiners, 2021. "A Search for Causes of Rising Incidence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents after Chernobyl and Fukushima: Comparison of the Clinical Features and Their Relevance for Treatmen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, March.
    7. Sacchidananda Mukherjee & Prakash Nelliyat, 2006. "Ground Water Pollution and Emerging Environmental Challenges of Industrial Effluent Irrigation: A Case Study of Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamilnadu," Working Papers 2006-07, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    8. Qadir, M. & Boers, Th. M. & Schubert, S. & Ghafoor, A. & Murtaza, G., 2003. "Agricultural water management in water-starved countries: challenges and opportunities," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(3), pages 165-185, October.
    9. Marco Taussi & Caterina Gozzi & Orlando Vaselli & Jacopo Cabassi & Matia Menichini & Marco Doveri & Marco Romei & Alfredo Ferretti & Alma Gambioli & Barbara Nisi, 2022. "Contamination Assessment and Temporal Evolution of Nitrates in the Shallow Aquifer of the Metauro River Plain (Adriatic Sea, Italy) after Remediation Actions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, September.
    10. Anusha Ganta & Yasser Bashir & Sovik Das, 2022. "Dairy Wastewater as a Potential Feedstock for Valuable Production with Concurrent Wastewater Treatment through Microbial Electrochemical Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-34, November.
    11. Sauer, Timm & Havlik, Petr & Schneider, Uwe A. & Kindermann, Georg E. & Obersteiner, Michael, 2008. "Agriculture, Population, Land and Water Scarcity in a Changing World – The Role of Irrigation," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 44271, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    12. Bastiaanssen, W. G. M. & Chandrapala, L., 2003. "Water balance variability across Sri Lanka for assessing agricultural and environmental water use," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 171-192, February.
    13. Langhans, Kelley E. & Schmitt, Rafael J.P. & Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca & Anderson, Christopher B. & Vargas Bolaños, Christian & Vargas Cabezas, Fermin & Dirzo, Rodolfo & Goldstein, Jesse A. & Horangic, , 2022. "Modeling multiple ecosystem services and beneficiaries of riparian reforestation in Costa Rica," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    14. Marta Antonelli & Martina Sartori, 2014. "Unfolding the Potential of the Virtual Water Concept. What is still under debate?," IEFE Working Papers 74, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    15. Banejad, H. & Souri, H., 2003. "Sewage dilution as a management alternative in agricultural reuse of wastewater," IWMI Books, Reports H033352, International Water Management Institute.
    16. Alam, Mohammad Faiz & Pavelic, Paul, 2020. "Underground Transfer of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): exploring potential at the global scale," IWMI Research Reports H050008, International Water Management Institute.
    17. Yibin Huang & Yanmei Li & Peter S. K. Knappett & Daniel Montiel & Jianjun Wang & Manuel Aviles & Horacio Hernandez & Itza Mendoza-Sanchez & Isidro Loza-Aguirre, 2022. "Water Quality Assessment Bias Associated with Long-Screened Wells Screened across Aquifers with High Nitrate and Arsenic Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-23, August.
    18. Gonzalez, Rodrigo Barbone & Haas Ornelas, José Renato & Silva, Thiago Christiano, 2023. "The Value of Clean Water: Evidence from an Environmental Disaster," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13273, Inter-American Development Bank.
    19. Yang, Hong & Wang, Lei & Zehnder, Alexander J.B., 2007. "Water scarcity and food trade in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5-6), pages 585-605.
    20. Angelo Earvin Sy Choi & Benny Marie B. Ensano & Jurng-Jae Yee, 2021. "Fuzzy Optimization for the Remediation of Ammonia: A Case Study Based on Electrochemical Oxidation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:8:p:1419-:d:224541. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.