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Social Capital and the Improvement in Functional Ability among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Survival Analysis Using JAGES Data

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  • Airi Amemiya

    (Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Junko Saito

    (Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Masashige Saito

    (Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Okuda, Miahamacyo, Chitagun, Aichi 470-3295, Japan)

  • Daisuke Takagi

    (Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Maho Haseda

    (Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Yukako Tani

    (Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan)

  • Katsunori Kondo

    (Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 360-0856, Japan
    Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Moriokacho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Naoki Kondo

    (Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

Abstract

We investigated the contextual effects of community social capital on functional ability among older people with functional disability in Japan, and the cross-level interaction effects between community social capital and individual psychosocial characteristics. We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study for 1936 men and 2207 women nested within 320 communities and followed for 46 months. We used objective data for functional ability trajectories derived from the national long-term care-insurance system, and a validated measure of health-related community social capital comprising three components: civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multilevel survival analysis with a community-level random intercept showed that in communities with high civic participation, women who actively participated in any community group showed greater functional ability improvement than did women who did not participate ( p interaction = 0.05). In communities with high social cohesion, older men who perceived that their communities’ social cohesion was high showed greater functional ability improvement than men who perceived it to be low ( p interaction = 0.02). Community social capital can thus affect functional ability improvements variously, depending on individual psychosocial characteristics and gender. Community interventions aiming to foster social capital should focus on people who are excluded from existing opportunities to participate.

Suggested Citation

  • Airi Amemiya & Junko Saito & Masashige Saito & Daisuke Takagi & Maho Haseda & Yukako Tani & Katsunori Kondo & Naoki Kondo, 2019. "Social Capital and the Improvement in Functional Ability among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Survival Analysis Using JAGES Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-11, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:8:p:1310-:d:222114
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haruhiko Imamura & Tsuyoshi Hamano & Takehiro Michikawa & Fujimi Takeda-Imai & Takahiro Nakamura & Toru Takebayashi & Yuji Nishiwaki, 2016. "Relationships of Community and Individual Level Social Capital with Activities of Daily Living and Death by Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Tsuyoshi Hamano & Yoshikazu Fujisawa & Yu Ishida & S V Subramanian & Ichiro Kawachi & Kuninori Shiwaku, 2010. "Social Capital and Mental Health in Japan: A Multilevel Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-6, October.
    3. Masashige Saito & Katsunori Kondo & Naoki Kondo & Aya Abe & Toshiyuki Ojima & Kayo Suzuki & the JAGES group, 2014. "Relative Deprivation, Poverty, and Subjective Health: JAGES Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-9, October.
    4. Xiaoming Lin & Ruodan Lu & Liang Guo & Bing Liu, 2019. "Social Capital and Mental Health in Rural and Urban China: A Composite Hypothesis Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Poortinga, Wouter, 2006. "Social capital: An individual or collective resource for health?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 292-302, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhongliang Bai & Zijing Wang & Tiantai Shao & Xia Qin & Zhi Hu, 2020. "Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Functional Ability among Older People in Anhui Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, April.

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