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Race-, Age-, and Anatomic Site-Specific Gender Differences in Cutaneous Melanoma Suggest Differential Mechanisms of Early- and Late-Onset Melanoma

Author

Listed:
  • Tze-An Yuan

    (Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • Yunxia Lu

    (Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • Karen Edwards

    (Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • James Jakowatz

    (Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Melanoma Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • Frank L. Meyskens

    (Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • Feng Liu-Smith

    (Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

Abstract

In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both genders showed positive annual average percentage changes (AAPCs) over the years, but AAPCs varied at different body sites, with men’s trunk exhibiting the fastest increase. Non-whites were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than whites and showed a trend towards fewer gender differences in the age of diagnosis. However, non-whites and whites showed a similar pattern of age-specific gender differences in the incidence rate ratios. A consistent spiked difference (female vs. male, incidence rate ratio (IRR) >2) was observed at or near the age of 20–24 in all race groups and at all body sites. The highest female vs. male IRR was found in the hip and lower extremities, and the lowest IRR was found in the head and neck region in all races. These race-, gender-, and site-dependent differences suggest that age-associated cumulative sun exposure weighs significantly more in late-onset melanomas, while genetics and/or pathophysiological factors make important contributions to early-onset melanomas.

Suggested Citation

  • Tze-An Yuan & Yunxia Lu & Karen Edwards & James Jakowatz & Frank L. Meyskens & Feng Liu-Smith, 2019. "Race-, Age-, and Anatomic Site-Specific Gender Differences in Cutaneous Melanoma Suggest Differential Mechanisms of Early- and Late-Onset Melanoma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:6:p:908-:d:213549
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    Cited by:

    1. Marvin E. Langston & Heidi E. Brown & Charles F. Lynch & Denise J. Roe & Leslie K. Dennis, 2022. "Ambient UVR and Environmental Arsenic Exposure in Relation to Cutaneous Melanoma in Iowa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, February.

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