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Comparing the Effects of Road, Railway, and Aircraft Noise on Sleep: Exposure–Response Relationships from Pooled Data of Three Laboratory Studies

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  • Eva-Maria Elmenhorst

    (Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), 51170 Cologne, Germany
    Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Barbara Griefahn

    (Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany)

  • Vinzent Rolny

    (Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), 51170 Cologne, Germany
    Present address: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.)

  • Mathias Basner

    (Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), 51170 Cologne, Germany
    Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

Abstract

Objectives: Air, road, and railway traffic, the three major sources of traffic noise, have been reported to differently impact on annoyance. However, these findings may not be transferable to physiological reactions during sleep which are considered to decrease nighttime recovery and might mediate long-term negative health effects. Studies on awakenings from sleep indicate that railway noise, while having the least impact on annoyance, may have the most disturbing properties on sleep compared to aircraft noise. This study presents a comparison between the three major traffic modes and their probability to cause awakenings. In combining acoustical and polysomnographical data from three laboratory studies sample size and generalizability of the findings were increased. Methods: Data from three laboratory studies were pooled, conducted at two sites in Germany (German Aerospace Center, Cologne, and Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund). In total, the impact of 109,836 noise events on polysomnographically assessed awakenings was analyzed in 237 subjects using a random intercept logistic regression model. Results: The best model fit according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) included different acoustical and sleep parameters. After adjusting for these moderators results showed that the probability to wake up from equal maximum A-weighted sound pressure levels (SPL) increased in the order aircraft < road < railway noise, the awakening probability from road and railway noise being not significantly different ( p = 0.988). At 70 dB SPL, it was more than 7% less probable to wake up due to aircraft noise than due to railway noise. Conclusions: The three major traffic noise sources differ in their impact on sleep. The order with which their impact increased was inversed compared to the order that was found in annoyance surveys. It is thus important to choose the correct concept for noise legislation, i.e., physiological sleep metrics in addition to noise annoyance for nighttime noise protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Eva-Maria Elmenhorst & Barbara Griefahn & Vinzent Rolny & Mathias Basner, 2019. "Comparing the Effects of Road, Railway, and Aircraft Noise on Sleep: Exposure–Response Relationships from Pooled Data of Three Laboratory Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:6:p:1073-:d:217130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frits Van den Berg & Claudia Verhagen & Daan Uitenbroek, 2014. "The Relation between Scores on Noise Annoyance and Noise Disturbed Sleep in a Public Health Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dominik Hauptvogel & Susanne Bartels & Dirk Schreckenberg & Tobias Rothmund, 2021. "Aircraft Noise Distribution as a Fairness Dilemma—A Review of Aircraft Noise through the Lens of Social Justice Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Janice Hegewald & Melanie Schubert & Alice Freiberg & Karla Romero Starke & Franziska Augustin & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller & Hajo Zeeb & Andreas Seidler, 2020. "Traffic Noise and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Francisco Guijarro, 2019. "Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Values: A Case Study in Madrid, Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Martin Röösli & Mark Brink & Franziska Rudzik & Christian Cajochen & Martina S. Ragettli & Benjamin Flückiger & Reto Pieren & Danielle Vienneau & Jean-Marc Wunderli, 2019. "Associations of Various Nighttime Noise Exposure Indicators with Objective Sleep Efficiency and Self-Reported Sleep Quality: A Field Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Nicola Mucci & Veronica Traversini & Chiara Lorini & Simone De Sio & Raymond P. Galea & Guglielmo Bonaccorsi & Giulio Arcangeli, 2020. "Urban Noise and Psychological Distress: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-22, September.
    6. Meng Ma & Wenqian Ran & Jinping Wu & Minghang Li & Xiangyu Qu, 2022. "Evaluating the Impact of Metro Interior Noise on Passenger Annoyance: An Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, April.

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