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Determination of Metal Content of Waste Mobile Phones and Estimation of Their Recovery Potential in Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • Merve Sahan

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 3432, Turkey)

  • Mehmet Ali Kucuker

    (Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, TUHH—Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Terzioğlu Campus, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey)

  • Burak Demirel

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 3432, Turkey)

  • Kerstin Kuchta

    (Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, TUHH—Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Andrew Hursthouse

    (Computing Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK)

Abstract

Waste mobile phones constitute one of the fastest growing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) types all over the world due to technological innovations and shortening of their life span. They contain a complex mix of various materials, such as basic metals, precious metals and rare earth elements and represent an important secondary raw metal source. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the metal concentration of waste mobile phones by optimizing the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) operation parameters and estimate the metal recovery potential of waste mobile phones in Turkey. Therefore, selected mobile phone samples collected from a recycling center in Turkey were analyzed to determine their metal concentrations. Then, the theoretical recovery potentials of precious and rare earth metals from waste mobile phones were estimated for Turkey. The analytical methods optimized in this study can help further research activities to obtain comprehensive data for determination of the critical metals (precious metals and rare earth elements) in WEEE samples so that proper recycling and recovery strategies can be selected and implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Merve Sahan & Mehmet Ali Kucuker & Burak Demirel & Kerstin Kuchta & Andrew Hursthouse, 2019. "Determination of Metal Content of Waste Mobile Phones and Estimation of Their Recovery Potential in Turkey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:5:p:887-:d:212828
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Agamuthu, P. & Kasapo, Pearson & Mohd Nordin, Nurul Ain, 2015. "E-waste flow among selected institutions of higher learning using material flow analysis model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 177-185.
    2. Borthakur, Anwesha & Govind, Madhav, 2017. "Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 102-113.
    3. Mallawarachchi, Harshani & Karunasena, Gayani, 2012. "Electronic and electrical waste management in Sri Lanka: Suggestions for national policy enhancements," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 44-53.
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    2. Xiao-Shan Yang & Xiao-Xue Zheng & Tian-Yu Zhang & Ying Du & Fengru Long, 2021. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Fund Policy: Current Status and Evaluation of Implementation in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Jariya Budnard & Sutha Khaodhiar, 2022. "Estimating the Generation of Discarded Mobile Phones and Highlighting Areas for Recycling Precious Metals from Printed Circuit Boards in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Zeynep Ozsut Bogar & Askiner Gungor, 2023. "Forecasting Waste Mobile Phone (WMP) Quantity and Evaluating the Potential Contribution to the Circular Economy: A Case Study of Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-38, February.

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