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Association between Availability of Neighborhood Fast Food Outlets and Overweight Among 5–18 Year-Old Children in Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Kee Chee Cheong

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Cheong Yoon Ling

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Lim Kuang Hock

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Sumarni Mohd Ghazali

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Teh Chien Huey

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Khairuddin Che Ibrahim

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

  • Azli Baharudin

    (Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50598 Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Malaysia)

  • Cheong Siew Man

    (Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50598 Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Malaysia)

  • Cheah Yong Kang

    (University Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia)

  • Noor Ani Ahmad

    (Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50598 Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Malaysia)

  • Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff

    (Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia)

Abstract

A growing number of fast-food outlets in close proximity to residential areas raises a question as to its impact on childhood overweight and obesity. This study aimed at determining the relationship between the availability of fast-food outlets that were in close proximity to residential areas and overweight among Malaysian children aged 5 to 18 years. Measurement data on the weight and height of 5544 children (2797 boys, 2747 girls) were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011. Overweight (including obesity) is defined as BMI-for-age z-score > +1 SD based on the WHO growth reference. Geographic information system geospatial analysis was performed to determine the number of fast-food outlets within 1000 m radius from the children’s residential address. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the availability of fast-food outlets (none or more than one outlet) and overweight with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, monthly household income, parental educational level, residential area and supermarket density. Our results showed that the prevalence of overweight was 25.0% and there was a statistically significant association between the density of fast-food outlets and overweight (odds ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.47). Our study suggested that the availability of fast-food outlets with close proximity in residential areas was significantly associated with being overweight among children. Limiting the number of fast-food outlets in residential areas could have a significant effect in reducing the prevalence of overweight among Malaysian children.

Suggested Citation

  • Kee Chee Cheong & Cheong Yoon Ling & Lim Kuang Hock & Sumarni Mohd Ghazali & Teh Chien Huey & Mohd Khairuddin Che Ibrahim & Azli Baharudin & Cheong Siew Man & Cheah Yong Kang & Noor Ani Ahmad & Ahmad , 2019. "Association between Availability of Neighborhood Fast Food Outlets and Overweight Among 5–18 Year-Old Children in Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:593-:d:206976
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lorna K. Fraser & Kimberly L. Edwards & Janet Cade & Graham P. Clarke, 2010. "The Geography of Fast Food Outlets: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Thomas Burgoine & Joreintje D. Mackenbach & Jeroen Lakerveld & Nita G. Forouhi & Simon J. Griffin & Søren Brage & Nicholas J. Wareham & Pablo Monsivais, 2017. "Interplay of Socioeconomic Status and Supermarket Distance Is Associated with Excess Obesity Risk: A UK Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, October.
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