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Influences of Built Environment with Hilly Terrain on Physical Activity in Dalian, China: An Analysis of Mediation by Perceptions and Moderation by Social Environment

Author

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  • Peijin Sun

    (Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Wei Lu

    (Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Yan Song

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA)

  • Zongchao Gu

    (Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract

Neighborhood built environment may influence residents’ physical activity, but evidence of non-major Chinese cities is lacking. We investigated the impact of five socio-demographic characteristics, 10 objectively assessed environment characteristics, eight perceived neighborhood attributes, and social environment on physical activity and health outcomes (sense of community, body mass index, as well as self-reported health status). We also examined (1) five conceptually comparable perceived neighborhood attributes as mediators of the relationship between objective environment attributes and physical activity; (2) other perceived indicators and social environment as moderators of those relationships, using the mediation analysis in regression. Objectively assessed residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, and accessibility were curvilinearly and/or linearly related to physical activity. The slope of terrain was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI). None of the perceived attributes were found as mediators probably due to the weak associations between subjective and objective environments. High density facilitated physical activity but hindered the sense of community. Further, the perceived aesthetic and safety were associated with physical activity. Additionally, social environment moderated the positive associations of all perceived environments (except for slope) and sense of community. The present study demonstrated that both physical and social environment attributes significantly correlated with physical activity in Dalian.

Suggested Citation

  • Peijin Sun & Wei Lu & Yan Song & Zongchao Gu, 2019. "Influences of Built Environment with Hilly Terrain on Physical Activity in Dalian, China: An Analysis of Mediation by Perceptions and Moderation by Social Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:4900-:d:294302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hawe, Penelope & Shiell, Alan, 2000. "Social capital and health promotion: a review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 51(6), pages 871-885, September.
    2. Cerin, Ester & Conway, Terry L. & Adams, Marc A. & Barnett, Anthony & Cain, Kelli L. & Owen, Neville & Christiansen, Lars B. & van Dyck, Delfien & Mitáš, Josef & Sarmiento, Olga L. & Davey, Rachel C. , 2018. "Objectively-assessed neighbourhood destination accessibility and physical activity in adults from 10 countries: An analysis of moderators and perceptions as mediators," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 282-293.
    3. Orstad, Stephanie L. & McDonough, Meghan H. & Klenosky, David B. & Mattson, Marifran & Troped, Philip J., 2017. "The observed and perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity among urban-dwelling adults: The moderating role of depressive symptoms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 57-66.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Wenyao & Wu, Ying & Wang, Lan & Li, Xiaotian & Guo, Qiaoni & Hu, Zhanzhan, 2024. "Associations between environmental perception and self-rated health in the city hierarchy of China: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).

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