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Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia

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  • Zeenat Begam Sawal Hamid

    (Dietetic Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Roslee Rajikan

    (Dietetic Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Siti Masitah Elias

    (Financial Mathematics Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

  • Nor Aini Jamil

    (Dietetic Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

Abstract

Achieving nutritional requirements for pregnant women in rural or suburban households while maintaining the intake of local and culture-specific foods can be difficult. Usage of a linear programming approach can effectively generate diet optimization models that incorporate local and culturally acceptable menus. This study aimed to determine whether a realistic and affordable diet that achieves recommended nutrient intakes for pregnant women could be formulated from locally available foods in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dietary intake of 78 pregnant women using a 24-h dietary recall and a 3-day food record. A market survey was also carried out to estimate the cost of raw foods that are frequently consumed. All linear programming analyses were done using Excel Solver to generate optimal dietary patterns. Our findings showed that the menus designed from diet optimization models using locally available foods would improve dietary adequacy for the seven food groups based on the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 2010 (MDG 2010) and the 14 nutrients based on Recommended Nutrient Intake 2017 (RNI 2017) in pregnant women. However, inadequacies remained for iron and niacin, indicating that these nutrients may require supplementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeenat Begam Sawal Hamid & Roslee Rajikan & Siti Masitah Elias & Nor Aini Jamil, 2019. "Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4720-:d:291241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ewelina Wesołowska & Agnieszka Jankowska & Elżbieta Trafalska & Paweł Kałużny & Mariusz Grzesiak & Jolanta Dominowska & Wojciech Hanke & Gemma Calamandrei & Kinga Polańska, 2019. "Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, Environmental and Pregnancy-Related Determinants of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Andrew J Mason, 2012. "OpenSolver - An Open Source Add-in to Solve Linear and Integer Progammes in Excel," Operations Research Proceedings, in: Diethard Klatte & Hans-Jakob Lüthi & Karl Schmedders (ed.), Operations Research Proceedings 2011, edition 127, pages 401-406, Springer.
    3. Reema F. Tayyem & Sabika S. Allehdan & Razan M. Alatrash & Fida F. Asali & Hiba A. Bawadi, 2019. "Adequacy of Nutrients Intake among Jordanian Pregnant Women in Comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-12, September.
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    1. Kiran Kumar Paidipati & Hyndhavi Komaragiri & Christophe Chesneau, 2021. "Pre-Emptive and Non-Pre-Emptive Goal Programming Problems for Optimal Menu Planning in Diet Management of Indian Diabetes Mellitus Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.

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