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Victimization of Traditional and Cyber Bullying During Childhood and Their Correlates Among Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: A Retrospective Study

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  • Chien-Chuan Wang

    (Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Ray C. Hsiao

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Cheng-Fang Yen

    (Graduate Institute of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study examined the associations of timing of sexual orientation developmental milestones, gender role nonconformity, and family-related factors with victimization of traditional and cyber sexuality-related bullying during childhood among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan, in addition to the moderating effects of family-related factors on these associations. A total of 500 homosexual or bisexual men aged between 20 and 25 years were recruited into this study. The associations of early identification of sexual orientation, early coming out, level of masculinity, parental education levels, and perceived family support with victimization of traditional and cyber sexuality-related bullying were evaluated. Early identification of sexual orientation, low self-rated masculinity, and low family support were significantly associated with victimization of traditional bullying. Moreover, low family support, early coming out, and traditional bullying victimization were significantly associated with victimization of cyber bullying. Family support did not moderate the associations of early identification of sexual orientation and low masculinity with victimization of traditional bullying or cyberbullying. The factors associated with victimization of traditional and cyber sexuality-related bullying should be considered when mental health and educational professionals develop prevention and intervention strategies to reduce sexuality-related bullying.

Suggested Citation

  • Chien-Chuan Wang & Ray C. Hsiao & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2019. "Victimization of Traditional and Cyber Bullying During Childhood and Their Correlates Among Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: A Retrospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4634-:d:289557
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Coulter, R.W.S. & Herrick, A.L. & Reuel Friedman, M. & Stall, R.D., 2016. "Sexual-orientation differences in positive youth development: The mediational role of bullying victimization," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(4), pages 691-697.
    2. Díaz, R.M. & Ayala, G. & Bein, E. & Henne, J. & Marin, B.V., 2001. "The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: Findings from 3 US cities," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(6), pages 927-932.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chung-Ying Lin & Yu-Te Huang & Chiu-Hsiang Lee & Chia-Wei Fan & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Gay Community Stress Scale with Its Cultural Translation and Adaptions in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Jia-In Lee & Yu-Ping Chang & Ching-Shu Tsai & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Internalized Sexual Stigma among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan: Its Related Factors and Association with Mental Health Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    3. Tai-Ling Liu & Ray C. Hsiao & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.
    4. Huang-Chi Lin & Yu-Ping Chang & Yi-Lung Chen & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Relationships of Homophobic Bullying Victimization during Childhood with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adulthood among Gay and Bisexual Men: Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Meng-Tsang Hsieh & Jung-Sheng Chen & Chung-Ying Lin & Cheng-Fang Yen & Mark D. Griffiths & Yu-Te Huang, 2021. "Measurement Invariance of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory across LGB Males and Females in Taiwan: Bifactor Structure Fits the Best," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-12, October.
    6. Nai-Ying Ko & Wei-Hsin Lu & Yi-Lung Chen & Dian-Jeng Li & Yu-Ping Chang & Peng-Wei Wang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Constructs of COVID-19 Health Beliefs: A Comparison Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Individuals in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
    7. Yu-Te Huang & Wen-Jiun Chou & Yi-Chen Hang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2023. "Sexual Orientation Microaggression Experiences and Coping Responses of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    8. Chung-Ying Lin & Ching-Shu Tsai & Chia-Wei Fan & Mark D. Griffiths & Chih-Cheng Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen & Amir H. Pakpour, 2022. "Psychometric Evaluation of Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Full, Eight-Item, and Three-Item Versions) among Sexual Minority Men in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Ching-Shu Tsai & Yu-Te Huang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Experience of Sexual Orientation Microaggression among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan: Its Related Factors and Association with Mental Health Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-9, November.
    10. Mei-Feng Huang & Yu-Ping Chang & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Problematic Smartphone Use and Its Associations with Sexual Minority Stressors, Gender Nonconformity, and Mental Health Problems among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, May.

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