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Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes

Author

Listed:
  • Naudia Gray

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Mary Halstead

    (Battelle Analytical Services, 2987 Clairmont Road, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA)

  • Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Liza Valentin-Blasini

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Clifford Watson

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • R. Steven Pappas

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

Abstract

As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method’s limits of detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb respectively. Liquids analyzed were from different brands and flavors of refill bottles or single-use, rechargeable, and pod devices from different years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy further evaluated the device components’ compositions. Refill liquids before contacting a device were below lowest reportable levels (LRL) for all metals. Copper and zinc were elevated in liquids from devices containing brass. Cadmium was

Suggested Citation

  • Naudia Gray & Mary Halstead & Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez & Liza Valentin-Blasini & Clifford Watson & R. Steven Pappas, 2019. "Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4450-:d:286332
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zachary R. Dunbar & Ananth Das & Richard J. O’Connor & Maciej L. Goniewicz & Binnian Wei & Mark J. Travers, 2018. "Brief Report: Lead Levels in Selected Electronic Cigarettes from Canada and the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, January.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Shilpi Goenka & Sanford R. Simon, 2021. "Effects of E-Cigarette Refill Liquid Flavorings with and without Nicotine on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Brian Rastian & Chase Wilbur & Daniel B. Curtis, 2022. "Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Adam Prokopowicz & Andrzej Sobczak & Jerzy Szdzuj & Katarzyna Grygoyć & Leon Kośmider, 2020. "Metal Concentration Assessment in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-12, March.

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    1. Brian Rastian & Chase Wilbur & Daniel B. Curtis, 2022. "Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
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