IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i1p154-d127664.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Brief Report: Lead Levels in Selected Electronic Cigarettes from Canada and the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Zachary R. Dunbar

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Ananth Das

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Richard J. O’Connor

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Maciej L. Goniewicz

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Binnian Wei

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Mark J. Travers

    (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

Abstract

Few published studies have investigated the presence of lead in the e-liquid of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Lead inhalation is associated with increased risk of stroke, heart disease, and other diseases. This study used a novel application of graphite furnace technology to compare the concentration of lead between e-liquids of different packaging and product designs using e-liquids that are or were commercially available in the United States and Canada. Eleven nicotine-free disposable ENDS devices and 12 bottled refill solutions that contained nicotine were purchased from retailers in Canada and the United States between 2015 and 2017. E-liquids extracted from the disposable products and individual containers were analyzed for lead content by graphite furnace using atomic absorption detection. The lead concentration of open-wick ENDS devices ranged from 25.2 ppb to 838.4 ppb, with a standard deviation of 187.4 ppb. None of the bottled e-liquids contained quantifiable levels of lead. This study found that quantifiable levels of lead are present in certain disposable e-cigarette devices, and there is evidence from this study that the design of ENDS devices may contribute to lead exposure. These findings suggest that lead testing should be incorporated into future chemical analyses of ENDS devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Zachary R. Dunbar & Ananth Das & Richard J. O’Connor & Maciej L. Goniewicz & Binnian Wei & Mark J. Travers, 2018. "Brief Report: Lead Levels in Selected Electronic Cigarettes from Canada and the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:154-:d:127664
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/1/154/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/1/154/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Brian Rastian & Chase Wilbur & Daniel B. Curtis, 2022. "Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Adam Prokopowicz & Andrzej Sobczak & Jerzy Szdzuj & Katarzyna Grygoyć & Leon Kośmider, 2020. "Metal Concentration Assessment in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Naudia Gray & Mary Halstead & Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez & Liza Valentin-Blasini & Clifford Watson & R. Steven Pappas, 2019. "Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-10, November.
    4. Zachary R. Dunbar & Gary Giovino & Binnian Wei & Richard J. O’Connor & Maciej L. Goniewicz & Mark J. Travers, 2020. "Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014–2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-16, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    e-cigarette; e-liquids; lead;
    All these keywords.

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:154-:d:127664. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.