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Incidence of Cellulitis Following Acupuncture Treatments in Taiwan

Author

Listed:
  • Shun-Ku Lin

    (Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
    Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jui-Ming Liu

    (Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
    Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Pin-Hsuan Wang

    (Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
    Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan)

  • Sheng-Ping Hung

    (Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Ren-Jun Hsu

    (Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
    Cancer Medicine Center of Buddhist Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
    Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan)

  • Heng-Chang Chuang

    (Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan)

  • Po-Hung Lin

    (Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background : Cellulitis is a complication of acupuncture, but the risk factors and annualized incidence remain unclear. Objective: This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors of cellulitis related to acupuncture in a cohort of one million participants derived from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Methods : We tracked this cohort between 1997 and 2012 and recorded all outpatient medical information including diagnosis and treatment. Patients were categorized according to age, gender, comorbidities, residential area, and number of acupuncture treatments. We compared the incidence and risk of cellulitis between different demographics and comorbidities by logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results : We included 407,802 patients and 6,207,378 acupuncture treatments. The incidence of cellulitis after acupuncture was 64.4 per 100,000 courses of acupuncture treatment. The most common sites of cellulitis after acupuncture were the legs, feet, and face. Comorbidity was associated with post-acupuncture cellulitis; a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic kidney disease (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.55–1.88), rheumatoid arthritis (aOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.21–3.60), liver cirrhosis (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15–1.32), diabetes mellitus (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.57–1.82), stroke (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31–1.58), varicose veins (aOR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.17–2.84), or heart failure (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.65–1.98) significantly increased cellulitis. Repeated exposure to acupuncture treatment was associated with an increased risk of cellulitis. Conclusions : A variety of chronic diseases may increase the risk of cellulitis after acupuncture. Physicians asked about past medical history before acupuncture might help to reduce cellulitis.

Suggested Citation

  • Shun-Ku Lin & Jui-Ming Liu & Pin-Hsuan Wang & Sheng-Ping Hung & Ren-Jun Hsu & Heng-Chang Chuang & Po-Hung Lin, 2019. "Incidence of Cellulitis Following Acupuncture Treatments in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-9, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3831-:d:275113
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin, Yen-Ju & Tian, Wei-Hua & Chen, Chun-Chih, 2011. "Urbanization and the utilization of outpatient services under National Health Insurance in Taiwan," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 236-243.
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