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“The Dop System of Alcohol Distribution is Dead, but It’s Legacy Lives On….”

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  • Philip A. May

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA
    Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Anna-Susan Marais

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Marlene De Vries

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Julie M. Hasken

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Julie M. Stegall

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Dixie M. Hedrick

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Cudore L. Snell

    (School of Social Work, Howard University, Washington 20059, DC, USA)

  • Soraya Seedat

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Charles D.H. Parry

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African MedicalResearch Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

Abstract

Objective: Determine the prevalence of Dop, a system of labor payment via alcoholic beverages, in a South African province, and its influence on maternal drinking and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods: Data from studies of FASD epidemiology were analyzed. Results: Forty-two percent to 67% of mothers reported drinking. In 1999, 5% of women reported Dop allocations in their lifetime: 14% of mothers of FASD children and 1% of controls. In 2010, 1.1% of mothers reported lifetime Dop: 1.6% of FASD mothers and 0.7% of controls. Commercial alcohol sales have replaced the Dop system. Total FASD rates remained high in rural areas in 2010 and rose in urban settings. Urban rates of total FASD surpassed rural area rates in 2010. Correlation analysis did not reveal a strong or significant, direct relationship between Dop experience and heavy drinking ( r = 0.123, p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.015), or the diagnosis of FASD in children ( OR = 0.003, p = 0.183). Conclusion: Dop, as a systematic practice, is dead and does not have a direct influence on alcohol availability, heavy maternal drinking, or the probability of an FASD diagnosis. Nevertheless, today’s problematic drinking patterns were heavily influenced (shaped) by Dop and have negatively impacted the prevalence and severity of FASD.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip A. May & Anna-Susan Marais & Marlene De Vries & Julie M. Hasken & Julie M. Stegall & Dixie M. Hedrick & Cudore L. Snell & Soraya Seedat & Charles D.H. Parry, 2019. "“The Dop System of Alcohol Distribution is Dead, but It’s Legacy Lives On….”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3701-:d:272564
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Philip A. May & Marlene M. De Vries & Anna-Susan Marais & Wendy O. Kalberg & David Buckley & Colleen M. Adnams & Julie M. Hasken & Barbara Tabachnick & Luther K. Robinson & Melanie A. Manning & Heidre, 2017. "Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, May.
    2. May, P.A. & Brooke, L. & Gossage, J.P. & Croxford, J. & Adnams, C. & Jones, K.L. & Robinson, L. & Viljoen, D., 2000. "Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community in the Western Cape Province," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(12), pages 1905-1912.
    3. J. Phillip Gossage & Cudore L. Snell & Charles D. H. Parry & Anna-Susan Marais & Ronel Barnard & Marlene De Vries & Jason Blankenship & Soraya Seedat & Julie M. Hasken & Philip A. May, 2014. "Alcohol Use, Working Conditions, Job Benefits, and the Legacy of the “Dop” System among Farm Workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: Hope Despite High Levels of Risky Drinking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
    4. May, P.A. & Gossage, J.P. & Brooke, L.E. & Snell, C.L. & Marais, A.-S. & Hendricks, L.S. & Croxford, J.A. & Viljoen, D.L., 2005. "Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A population-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(7), pages 1190-1199.
    5. Marlene M. De Vries & Belinda Joubert & Marise Cloete & Sumien Roux & Beth A. Baca & Julie M. Hasken & Ronel Barnard & David Buckley & Wendy O. Kalberg & Cudore L. Snell & Anna-Susan Marais & Soraya S, 2015. "Indicated Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in South Africa: Effectiveness of Case Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
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