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Periodontal Disease Status among Adults from South Africa—Prevalence and Effect of Smoking

Author

Listed:
  • Usuf Chikte

    (Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Carla Cruvinel Pontes

    (Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Innocent Karangwa

    (Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay

    (Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Rajiv T. Erasmus

    (Division of Clinical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Andre P. Kengne

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa)

  • Tandi E. Matsha

    (SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa)

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are among the six most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide, constituting a burden for oral and general health. There is a shortage of epidemiological data on periodontal diseases in Africa. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to present the periodontal status and cotinine levels of a South African population of adults. This study included individuals living in the Belville South area. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth were recorded for each tooth, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was recorded as the highest score per sextant. Cotinine levels were measured in ng/mL. A total of 951 individuals were included. More than one third of all subjects had BOP. Regarding pocket depth, over 50% of the subjects had shallow pockets (4–5 mm), and almost 6% had deep pockets. CAL ≥ 4 mm was present in 40.1% of the subjects. Males presented worse periodontal conditions than females. In total, 52.7% of the participants had serum cotinine levels of ≥15 ng/mL. Cotinine levels had no effect on periodontal variables. Periodontal diseases were highly prevalent, and periodontal conditions were worse in males. Preventive and restorative public health programs are required to improve oral health in this population.

Suggested Citation

  • Usuf Chikte & Carla Cruvinel Pontes & Innocent Karangwa & Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay & Rajiv T. Erasmus & Andre P. Kengne & Tandi E. Matsha, 2019. "Periodontal Disease Status among Adults from South Africa—Prevalence and Effect of Smoking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3662-:d:271981
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Health Organization, 2017. "WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017: Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt8nw5p0zt, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alfred Kechia Mukong, 2022. "Estimating the Health Effect of Cigarette Smoking Duration in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Siddharthan Selvaraj & Nyi Nyi Naing & Nadiah Wan-Arfah & Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu, 2021. "Demographic and Habitual Factors of Periodontal Disease among South Indian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay & Carla Cruvinel Pontes & Usuf M. E. Chikte & Albert Chinhenzva & Rajiv T. Erasmus & Andre Pascal Kengne & Tandi E. Matsha, 2021. "Impacts of Tooth Loss on OHRQoL in an Adult Population in Cape Town, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, May.

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