IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i19p3549-d269666.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Threshold Effects of PM 2.5 Exposure on Particle-Related Mortality in China

Author

Listed:
  • Bao-Linh Tran

    (Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Cheng Chang

    (Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Sheng Hsu

    (Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

  • Chi-Chung Chen

    (Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Chun Tseng

    (Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan)

  • Shih-Hsun Hsu

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan)

Abstract

Ambient air pollution from energy use and other sources is a major environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of serious diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This study elucidates the health effects of energy consumption from air pollution in China based on multiple threshold effects of the population-weighted exposure to PM 2.5 (fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter) on particle-related mortality rate. We firstly estimate the causal relationship between coal consumption and PM 2.5 in China for 2004–2010 using a panel regression model. Panel threshold models are applied to access the non-linear relationships between PM 2.5 and cause-specific mortality rates that indicate the health effects are dependent on the PM 2.5 ranges. By combining these steps, we calculate the health impacts of coal consumption based on threshold effects of PM 2.5 . We find that a 1% coal consumption increase induces a 0.23% increase in PM 2.5 . A triple threshold effect is found between PM 2.5 and cardiovascular mortality; for example, increasing PM 2.5 exposure causes cardiovascular mortality rate to increase when PM 2.5 lies in 17.7–21.6 μg/m 3 and 21.6–34.3 μg/m 3 , with the estimated increments being 0.81% and 0.26%, respectively, corresponding to 1% PM 2.5 increase. A single threshold effect of SO 2 on respiratory mortality rate is identified and allows the estimation of the mortality effects of PM 2.5 regarding the two regimes of SO 2 . Finally, we access the health impacts of coal consumption under specific estimated thresholds. This study provides a better understanding of sources contributing to related-air pollution mortality. The multi-threshold effect of PM 2.5 could be considered for further applications in harmonizing emission standards in China and other developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Bao-Linh Tran & Ching-Cheng Chang & Chia-Sheng Hsu & Chi-Chung Chen & Wei-Chun Tseng & Shih-Hsun Hsu, 2019. "Threshold Effects of PM 2.5 Exposure on Particle-Related Mortality in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3549-:d:269666
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3549/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3549/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ostro, B.D. & Lipsett, M.J. & Wiener, M.B. & Selner, J.C., 1991. "Asthmatic responses to airborne acid aerosols," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(6), pages 694-702.
    2. Hansen, Bruce E., 1999. "Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing, and inference," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 345-368, December.
    3. Bruce E. Hansen, 2000. "Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(3), pages 575-604, May.
    4. Ling Yao & Ning Lu, 2014. "Particulate Matter Pollution and Population Exposure Assessment over Mainland China in 2010 with Remote Sensing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-10, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ming Zeng & Jiang Du & Weike Zhang, 2019. "Spatial-Temporal Effects of PM 2.5 on Health Burden: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
    2. Zihan Kan & Mei-Po Kwan & Mee Kam Ng & Hendrik Tieben, 2022. "The Impacts of Housing Characteristics and Built-Environment Features on Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chiu, Chien-Liang & Chang, Ting-Huan, 2009. "What proportion of renewable energy supplies is needed to initially mitigate CO2 emissions in OECD member countries?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1669-1674, August.
    2. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2020. "Insurance Policy Thresholds for Economic Growth in Africa," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 32(3), pages 672-689, July.
    3. Kelbesa Megersa & Danny Cassimon, 2015. "Public Debt, Economic Growth, and Public Sector Management in Developing Countries: Is There a Link?," Public Administration & Development, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(5), pages 329-346, December.
    4. Ruofan Liao & Zhengtao Chen & Jirakom Sirisrisakulchai & Jianxu Liu, 2025. "Enhancing Rural Economic Sustainability in China Through Agricultural Socialization Services: A Novel Perspective on Spatial-Temporal Dynamics," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Polemis, Michael & Tselekounis, Markos, 2019. "Does deregulation drive innovation intensity? Lessons learned from the OECD telecommunications sector," MPRA Paper 92770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Massacci, Daniele, 2017. "Least squares estimation of large dimensional threshold factor models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 197(1), pages 101-129.
    7. Zhang, Xiaobei & Wang, Xiaojun, 2021. "Measures of human capital and the mechanics of economic growth," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    8. Asongu, Simplice A. & Nnanna, Joseph & Acha-Anyi, Paul N., 2020. "Finance, inequality and inclusive education in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 162-177.
    9. Stöllinger, Roman, 2013. "International spillovers in a world of technology clubs," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 19-35.
    10. Hui Wang & Huifang Liu, 2017. "An Empirical Research of FDI Spillovers and Financial Development Threshold Effects in Different Regions of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-21, June.
    11. Abdulqadir, Idris A. & Asongu, Simplice A., 2022. "The asymmetric effect of internet access on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 44-61.
    12. Che, Chou Ming, 2013. "Panel threshold analysis of Taiwan's outbound visitors," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 787-793.
    13. Strikholm, Birgit & Teräsvirta, Timo, 2005. "Determining the Number of Regimes in a Threshold Autoregressive Model Using Smooth Transition Autoregressions," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 578, Stockholm School of Economics, revised 11 Feb 2005.
    14. repec:wsr:wpaper:y:2013:i:114 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Octavio Fernández-Amador & Joseph F. Francois & Doris A. Oberdabernig & Patrick Tomberger, 2020. "Economic growth, sectoral structures, and environmental methane footprints," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(13), pages 1460-1475, March.
    16. Vinayagathasan, Thanabalasingam, 2013. "Inflation and economic growth: A dynamic panel threshold analysis for Asian economies," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 31-41.
    17. Simone Salotti & Carmine Trecroci, 2012. "Even worse than you thought: The effects of government debt on investment and productivity," EcoMod2012 4200, EcoMod.
    18. Camilla Mastromarco & Laura Serlenga & Yongcheol Shin, 2012. "Is Globalization Driving Efficiency? A Threshold Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Modeling Approach," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(3), pages 563-579, August.
    19. Fabio Canova, 2004. "Testing for Convergence Clubs in Income Per Capita: A Predictive Density Approach," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 45(1), pages 49-77, February.
    20. Sun, Yuying & Han, Ai & Hong, Yongmiao & Wang, Shouyang, 2018. "Threshold autoregressive models for interval-valued time series data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 206(2), pages 414-446.
    21. Guancen Wu & Dongqin Yang & Xing Niu & Zixuan Mi, 2024. "The Impact of Park Green Space Areas on Urban Vitality: A Case Study of 35 Large and Medium-Sized Cities in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3549-:d:269666. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.