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Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Prevalence and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Double Burden of Malnutrition in A Representative Sample of 1 to Under 10-Year-Old Children from Two Urbanized and Economically Active Provinces in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Marjanne Senekal

    (Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa)

  • Johanna H Nel

    (Department of Logistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa)

  • Sonia Malczyk

    (Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa)

  • Linda Drummond

    (Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa)

  • Janetta Harbron

    (Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa)

  • Nelia P Steyn

    (Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic predictors of malnutrition in two urbanized economically active provinces (Gauteng N = 733, Western Cape N = 593) in South Africa. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling design was applied. Fieldworkers visited homes, measured children aged 1-<10-years old (N = 1326) and administered a questionnaire (mother/primary caregiver). In under-five year old children (N = 674) 21.6% were stunted [height-for-age z-score < −2 SD], 5.6 % underweight [weight-for-age z-score < −2 SD], 10.3% overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score) (BAZ)> +2 SD ≤ +3 SD] and 7.0% obese (BAZ > +3 SD). In 5–<10-year olds (N = 626) 6.7% were stunted, 6.8% underweight, 13.4% overweight and 6.8% obese. Stunting and overweight in the same child was present in 5.7% under-five year olds and 1.7% in 5–<10-year olds. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified having a mother with a post-grade 12 qualification (OR = 0.34) and having an obese mother (OR 0.46) as protectors and being in the under-five age group (OR = 3.73) as a risk factor for stunting. Being in the under-five age group was also a risk factor for a BAZ > 1 (OR 2.39), while being in the third wealth quintile was protective (OR = 0.62). Results indicate that stunting and overweight/obesity are still present at concerning levels, especially in the under-five age group.

Suggested Citation

  • Marjanne Senekal & Johanna H Nel & Sonia Malczyk & Linda Drummond & Janetta Harbron & Nelia P Steyn, 2019. "Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Prevalence and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Double Burden of Malnutrition in A Representative Sample of 1 to Under 10-Year-Old Children from Two Urbaniz," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-27, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3334-:d:265828
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniela Casale, 2016. "Analysing the links between child health and education outcomes: Evidence from NIDS Waves 1 – 4," SALDRU Working Papers 179, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
    2. Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett, 2001. "Estimating Wealth Effects Without Expenditure Data—Or Tears: An Application To Educational Enrollments In States Of India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 38(1), pages 115-132, February.
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    1. Nelia P. Steyn & Johanna H. Nel & Linda Drummond & Sonia Malczyk & Marjanne Senekal, 2022. "Has Food Security and Nutritional Status Improved in Children 1–<10 Years in Two Provinces of South Africa between 1999 (National Food Consumption Survey) and 2018 (Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Nelia P. Steyn & Johanna H. Nel & Sonia Malczyk & Linda Drummond & Marjanne Senekal, 2020. "Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Energy and Macronutrient Intakes of Children in a Representative/Random Sample of 1–<10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active and Urbanized Provinces in ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-37, March.
    3. Marjanne Senekal & Johanna Nel & Sonia Malczyk & Linda Drummond & Nelia P. Steyn, 2020. "Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Micronutrient Intakes of Children in a Representative/Random Sample of 1- to <10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active and Urbanized Provinces in South A," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-27, August.

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