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ATR–FTIR Spectral Analysis and Soluble Components of PM 10 And PM 2.5 Particulate Matter over the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy) during Normal Days and Saharan Events

Author

Listed:
  • Daniela Varrica

    (Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy)

  • Elisa Tamburo

    (Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy)

  • Marcello Vultaggio

    (Risorse Ambiente Palermo (RAP), Piazzetta B. Cairoli, 90123 Palermo, Italy)

  • Ida Di Carlo

    (CNRS/INSU-Université d’Orléans—BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, 1A rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France)

Abstract

Several epidemiological studies have shown a close relationship between the mass of particulate matter (PM) and its effects on human health. This study reports the identification of inorganic and organic components by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis in PM 10 and PM 2.5 filters collected from three air quality monitoring stations in the city of Palermo (Sicily, Italy) during non-Saharan dust events and Saharan events. It also provides information on the abundance and types of water-soluble species. ATR-FTIR analysis identified sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, and carbonate matter characterized by vibrational frequencies at 603, 615, 670, and 1100 cm –1 (SO 4 2– ); at 1414 cm –1 (NH 4 + ); at 825 and 1356 cm –1 (NO 3 – ); and at 713, 730, and 877 cm –1 (CO 3 2– ) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 filters. Moreover, aliphatic hydrocarbons were identified in the collected spectra. Stretching frequencies at 2950 cm –1 were assigned to CH 3 aliphatic carbon stretching absorptions, while frequencies at 2924 and 2850 cm –1 indicated CH 2 bonds. In filters collected during Saharan dust events, the analysis also showed the presence of absorbance peaks typical of clay minerals. The measurement of soluble components confirmed the presence of a geogenic component (marine spray and local rocks) and secondary particles ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 ) in the PM filters. ATR-FTIR characterization of solid surfaces is a powerful analytical technique for identifying inorganic and organic compounds in samples of particulate matter.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniela Varrica & Elisa Tamburo & Marcello Vultaggio & Ida Di Carlo, 2019. "ATR–FTIR Spectral Analysis and Soluble Components of PM 10 And PM 2.5 Particulate Matter over the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy) during Normal Days and Saharan Events," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2507-:d:248191
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Daniela Varrica & Maria Grazia Alaimo, 2022. "Determination of Water-Soluble Trace Elements in the PM 10 and PM 2.5 of Palermo Town (Italy)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Carolina Restrepo Londoño & Alexander Giraldo Gil & Andrés Moreno & Pedro Nel Alvarado, 2024. "Valorization of Spent Mushroom Compost Through a Cascading Use Aproach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Marcello Vultaggio & Daniela Varrica & Maria Grazia Alaimo, 2020. "Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Maria Grazia Alaimo & Daniela Varrica, 2020. "Recognition of Trace Element Contamination Using Ficus macrophylla Leaves in Urban Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.

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