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Short Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms were Associated with Lower Happiness Levels in Chinese Adults in Hong Kong

Author

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  • Sheng Zhi Zhao

    (School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Man Ping Wang

    (School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Kasisomayajula Viswanath

    (Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Agnes Lai

    (School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Daniel Yee Tak Fong

    (School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Chia-Chin Lin

    (School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Sophia Siu-Chee Chan

    (School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

  • Tai Hing Lam

    (School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China)

Abstract

Study objective : To examine the association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with happiness. Methods : A random sample of 1691 Chinese adult (mean age 54 ± 20.1, male 51%) were interviewed in a population-based telephone survey. Happiness was measured by the subjective happiness scale (SHS) and the one-item global happiness index (GHI). Information on sleep included mean past seven-day sleep duration (<6 h, ≥6 to <8 h and ≥8 h) and insomnia symptoms: Difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA). Adjusted beta-coefficient (β) of SHS and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of GHI in relation to sleep problems were calculated. Interaction effects by age (18–65 vs. ≥65) and by sex were assessed. Results : Compared to ≥8 h of sleep, having <6 h of sleep had lower SHS (adjusted β −0.32, 95% CI −0.46 to −0.17) and GHI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations were stronger in younger adults and in women ( p < 0.05). DIS, DMS, and EMA were associated with lower SHS (adjusted β ranged from −0.20 to −0.06) and GHI (aOR ranged from 0.57 to 0.89). Dose-response association between the number of insomnia symptoms and lower SHS was observed ( p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in older adults and among women. Conclusions : Lower levels of happiness were observed, particularly in younger adults and females with short sleep duration and older adults and females with insomnia symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings and understand the mechanisms between sleep and happiness.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheng Zhi Zhao & Man Ping Wang & Kasisomayajula Viswanath & Agnes Lai & Daniel Yee Tak Fong & Chia-Chin Lin & Sophia Siu-Chee Chan & Tai Hing Lam, 2019. "Short Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms were Associated with Lower Happiness Levels in Chinese Adults in Hong Kong," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:12:p:2079-:d:239179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sonja Lyubomirsky & Heidi Lepper, 1999. "A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 137-155, February.
    2. Jason Raibley, 2012. "Happiness is not Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(6), pages 1105-1129, December.
    3. Y. Chan & Rance Lee, 2006. "Network Size, Social Support and Happiness in Later Life: A Comparative Study of Beijing and Hong Kong," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 87-112, March.
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    2. Chin Moi Chow, 2020. "Sleep and Wellbeing, Now and in the Future," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-4, April.
    3. Cailan Lindsay Feingold & Abbas Smiley, 2022. "Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-35, August.

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