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Prevailing over Adversity: Factors Counteracting the Long-Term Negative Health Influences of Social and Material Disadvantages in Youth

Author

Listed:
  • Ylva B. Almquist

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Evelina Landstedt

    (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Norrland University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Josephine Jackisch

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Kristiina Rajaleid

    (Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Hugo Westerlund

    (Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Anne Hammarström

    (Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden)

Abstract

Disadvantaged circumstances in youth tend to translate into poor health development. However, the fact that this is not always the case has been seen as indicative of differential resilience. The current study highlights factors outside the context of the family with the potential to counteract the long-term negative influences of social and material adversity in adolescence on general health status. This study was based on two waves of questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort. From the wave in 1981 (age 16), indicators of social and material conditions as well as factors related to school, peers, and spare time were derived. From the wave in 2008 (age 43), information about self-rated health was used. Ordinal logistic regression models ( n = 908) showed that adversity in youth was associated with poorer self-rated health in midlife among men and women alike, net of health status at baseline. However, having an advantaged situation with regard to school, peers, or spare time appeared to protect against the detrimental influences of disadvantaged circumstances in the family context on subsequent health. This suggests that health-promoting interventions may benefit from focusing on contexts outside the family in their effort to strengthen processes of resilience among disadvantaged youths.

Suggested Citation

  • Ylva B. Almquist & Evelina Landstedt & Josephine Jackisch & Kristiina Rajaleid & Hugo Westerlund & Anne Hammarström, 2018. "Prevailing over Adversity: Factors Counteracting the Long-Term Negative Health Influences of Social and Material Disadvantages in Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:1842-:d:165930
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dale Dannefer, 2003. "Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage and the Life Course: Cross-Fertilizing Age and Social Science Theory," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(6), pages 327-337.
    2. Rosana E Norman & Munkhtsetseg Byambaa & Rumna De & Alexander Butchart & James Scott & Theo Vos, 2012. "The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-31, November.
    3. Ylva B. Almquist & Lars Brännström, 2018. "Childhood Adversity and Trajectories of Disadvantage Through Adulthood: Findings from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(1), pages 225-245, February.
    4. Jutta Lindert & Ondine Ehrenstein & Rachel Grashow & Gilad Gal & Elmar Braehler & Marc Weisskopf, 2014. "Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 59(2), pages 359-372, April.
    5. Landstedt, Evelina & Almquist, Ylva B. & Eriksson, Malin & Hammarström, Anne, 2016. "Disentangling the directions of associations between structural social capital and mental health: Longitudinal analyses of gender, civic engagement and depressive symptoms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 135-143.
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