IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i9p1837-d165711.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Mehrnoosh Abtahi

    (Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)

  • Yadolah Fakhri

    (Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)

  • Gea Oliveri Conti

    (Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy)

  • Margherita Ferrante

    (Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy)

  • Mahmoud Taghavi

    (Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran)

  • Javad Tavakoli

    (Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran)

  • Ali Heshmati

    (Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran)

  • Hassan Keramati

    (Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran)

  • Bigard Moradi

    (Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran)

  • Nazak Amanidaz

    (Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran)

  • Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil)

Abstract

In the current study, the concentration of some pollutants which are categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and o-xylenes (o-X), in the air of Tehran was evaluated by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Also, the health risk for the exposed population was estimated using the recommended methods by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rank order based on their concentration in BTEX was benzene (149.18 µg/m 3 : 31%) > o-xylene (127.16 µg/m 3 : 27%) > ethylbenzene (110.15 µg/m 3 : 23%) > toluene (87.97 µg/m 3 : 19%). The ratio B/T in this study was calculated as 1.69, repressing that both stationary and mobile sources of emission can be considered as the main sources for benzene and toluene. Moreover, strong photochemical activity in Tehran was demonstrated by the high ratio of E/o-X. Meta-regression indicates that the concentration of BTEX has insignificantly ( p -value > 0.05) increased over time. The BTEX compounds based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) were ordered as benzene > o-xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene. Percentile 95% of THQ due to benzene (4.973) and o-xylene (1.272) was higher than a value of 1. Percentile 95% excessive cancer risk (ECR) for benzene (1.25 × 10 6 ) and ethylbenzene (1.11 × 10 6 ) was higher than a value of 1.00 × 10 6 . The health risk assessment indicated that the population of Tehran are at considerable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehrnoosh Abtahi & Yadolah Fakhri & Gea Oliveri Conti & Margherita Ferrante & Mahmoud Taghavi & Javad Tavakoli & Ali Heshmati & Hassan Keramati & Bigard Moradi & Nazak Amanidaz & Amin Mousavi Khanegha, 2018. "The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:1837-:d:165711
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/9/1837/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/9/1837/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Puteri Nurafidah Hosaini & Md Firoz Khan & Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa & Norhaniza Amil & Noorlin Mohamad & Shoffian Amin Jaafar & Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir & Mohd Talib Latif, 2017. "Concentration and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(1), pages 437-452, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tatiana de Medeiros Carvalho Mendes & Juliana Pontes Soares & Pétala Tuani Cândido de Oliveira Salvador & Janete Lima de Castro, 2024. "Surveillance of Occupational Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds at Gas Stations: A Scoping Review Protocol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Corina Popitanu & Gabriela Cioca & Lucian Copolovici & Dennis Iosif & Florentina-Daniela Munteanu & Dana Copolovici, 2021. "The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Juexiu Li & Hongbo Zhang & Diwen Ying & Yalin Wang & Tonghua Sun & Jinping Jia, 2019. "In Plasma Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene Using Monolith CuO Foam as a Catalyst in a Wedged High Voltage Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor: Influence of Reaction Parameters and Byproduct C," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Corina Popitanu & Gabriela Cioca & Lucian Copolovici & Dennis Iosif & Florentina-Daniela Munteanu & Dana Copolovici, 2021. "The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:1837-:d:165711. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.