IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i2p317-d131552.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Chemical and Microbial Quality of Groundwater in Siloam Village, Implications to Human Health and Sources of Contamination

Author

Listed:
  • John Ogony Odiyo

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa)

  • Rachel Makungo

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa)

Abstract

Due to inaccessibility of potable water, rural communities drill boreholes within their homesteads despite vulnerability to groundwater contamination and associated health risks. This study assessed the quality of groundwater, identified potential sources of contamination and potential human health risks in Siloam Village, South Africa. Statistical difference between similar water quality parameters at different sites was determined at a significance level (α) of 0.05. Water quality parameters with serious potential health effects on human beings were correlated with selected water quality parameters to understand the nature of correlation and possible sources of contamination. Fluorides and nitrates had excessively high concentrations associated with tooth damage and pronounced skeletal fluorosis, and methaemoglobinaemia in infants and mucous membrane irritation in adults, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between means of most water quality parameters. Contrasting correlation of fluoride with calcium and pH indicated the need to further identify local sources and fluoride control mechanisms. Correlation of nitrate with chloride mostly indicated that faecal contamination is the potential source of high nitrates in groundwater. This requires further verification. Presence of total coliforms and E. coli in most boreholes indicated potential presence of faecal contamination. The need to educate borehole owners’ on possible strategies to minimise groundwater pollution was identified.

Suggested Citation

  • John Ogony Odiyo & Rachel Makungo, 2018. "Chemical and Microbial Quality of Groundwater in Siloam Village, Implications to Human Health and Sources of Contamination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:317-:d:131552
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/2/317/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/2/317/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ola Busari, 2008. "Groundwater in the Limpopo Basin: occurrence, use and impact," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 10(6), pages 943-957, December.
    2. I. M. Adekunle & M. T. Adetunji & A. M. Gbadebo & O. B. Banjoko, 2007. "Assessment of Groundwater Quality in a Typical Rural Settlement in Southwest Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Lobina Palamuleni & Mercy Akoth, 2015. "Physico-Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Selected Borehole Water in Mahikeng, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Asif Saeed & Ghulam Murtaza & Shafaqat Ali & Humera Aziz & Mohammed F. Albeshr & Shahid Mahboob & Irfan Manzoor & Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi & Muhammad Sabir & Hamaad Raza Ahmad & Ayesha Abdul Qad, 2022. "Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Socio-Economic Impacts in Arid Mountainous Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Mohora Feida Malebatja & Mpata Mathildah Mokgatle, 2022. "Diarrhoea among Children Aged 5 Years and Microbial Drinking Water Quality Compliance: Trends Analysis Study in South Africa (2008–2018)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Wenwen Feng & Chao Wang & Xiaohui Lei & Hao Wang & Xueliang Zhang, 2020. "Distribution of Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    4. John Ogony Odiyo & Mashudu Maxwell Mathoni & Rachel Makungo, 2020. "Health Risks and Potential Sources of Contamination of Groundwater Used by Public Schools in Vhuronga 1, Limpopo Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christopher O. AKINBILE & Andrew E. ERAZUA & Toju E. BABALOLA & Fidelis O. AJIBADE, 2016. "Environmental implications of animal wastes pollution on agricultural soil and water quality," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 11(3), pages 172-180.
    2. Akebe Luther King Abia & Lisa Schaefer & Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa & Wouter Le Roux, 2017. "Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar & Andrew J. Curtis & Vanessa Rouzier & Jean William Pape & Sandra Bempah & Meer Taifur Alam & Md. Mahbubul Alam & Mohammed H. Rashid & Afsar Ali & John Glenn Morris, 2022. "Spatial Video and EpiExplorer: A Field Strategy to Contextualize Enteric Disease Risk in Slum Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Ranju Kumari Rathour & Deepak Sakhuja & Arvind Kumar Bhatt & Ravi Kant Bhatia, 2022. "Municipal Wastewater Connection for Water Crisis and Jaundice Outbreaks in Shimla City: Present Findings and Future Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Boyang Gao & Zhenpei Hu, 2022. "What Affects the Level of Rural Human Settlement? A Case Study of Tibet, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Yasemin Jurczynski & Robson Passos & Luiza C. Campos, 2024. "A Review of the Most Concerning Chemical Contaminants in Drinking Water for Human Health," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-25, August.
    7. Sandeep S. Nerkar & Ashish Pathak & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg & Ashok J. Tamhankar, 2015. "Can Integrated Watershed Management Contribute to Improvement of Public Health? A Cross-Sectional Study from Hilly Tribal Villages in India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Ogechi Lilian Alum & Hillary Onyeka Abugu & Vivian Chinekwu Onwujiogu & Arinze Longinus Ezugwu & Johnbosco C. Egbueri & Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu & Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana & Jude Chukwudi Okenwa & , 2023. "Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-33, June.
    9. Natasha Potgieter & Simbarashe Karambwe & Lutendo Sylvia Mudau & Tobias Barnard & Afsatou Traore, 2020. "Human Enteric Pathogens in Eight Rivers Used as Rural Household Drinking Water Sources in the Northern Region of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.
    10. Hussein Adedoyin Adegoke & Habeeb Solihu & Solomon Olakunle Bilewu, 2023. "Analysis of sanitation and waterborne disease occurrence in Ondo State, Nigeria," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(10), pages 11885-11903, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:317-:d:131552. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.