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CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women

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  • Pieter H. Myburgh

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, North West Province, South Africa)

  • G. Wayne Towers

    (Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, North West Province, South Africa)

  • Iolanthé M. Kruger

    (Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, North West Province, South Africa)

  • Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, North West Province, South Africa)

Abstract

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are independently associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although an inverse association between these factors has been described, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We postulate that environment–gene interactions, through which 25(OH)D interacts with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CRP gene, modulate CRP; that certain CRP genotypes predispose individuals to a co-phenotype of low 25(OH)D and elevated CRP concentrations; and that this co-phenotype is associated with higher CVD risk. Twelve CRP SNPs were genotyped, and both 25(OH)D and CRP were quantified, in 505 black South African women. Alarmingly, 66% and 60% of the women presented with deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D and elevated CRP concentrations, respectively. CRP concentrations were higher in individuals with lower 25(OH)D concentrations. However, no 25(OH)D– CRP genotype interactions were evident. Several genotypes were associated with an altered risk of presenting with the co-phenotype, indicating a genetic predisposition. Women presenting with this co-phenotype had higher blood pressure and increased anthropometric measures, which may predispose them to develop CVD. We recommend increasing vitamin D fortification and supplementation efforts to reduce inflammation among black women with vitamin D deficiency, thereby possibly curbing diseases contingent on the co-phenotype described here.

Suggested Citation

  • Pieter H. Myburgh & G. Wayne Towers & Iolanthé M. Kruger & Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau, 2018. "CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:111-:d:126313
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau & Olusola F. Sotunde & Patricia O. Ukegbu & P. Hermanus Myburgh & Hattie H. Wright & Lize Havemann-Nel & Sarah J. Moss & Iolanthé M. Kruger & H. Salomé Kruger, 2017. "Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Predict 5-Year Changes in Adiposity among a Group of Black South African Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Subirana, Isaac & Sanz, Héctor & Vila, Joan, 2014. "Building Bivariate Tables: The compareGroups Package for R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 57(i12).
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