IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i10p2177-d173830.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fine-Scale Source Apportionment Including Diesel-Related Elemental and Organic Constituents of PM 2.5 across Downtown Pittsburgh

Author

Listed:
  • Brett J. Tunno

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Sheila Tripathy

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
    Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Philadelphia, PA 15219, USA)

  • Ellen Kinnee

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Drew R. Michanowicz

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Jessie LC Shmool

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Leah Cambal

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Lauren Chubb

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Courtney Roper

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA)

  • Jane E. Clougherty

    (University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
    Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Philadelphia, PA 15219, USA)

Abstract

Health effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may vary by composition, and the characterization of constituents may help to identify key PM 2.5 sources, such as diesel, distributed across an urban area. The composition of diesel particulate matter (DPM) is complicated, and elemental and organic carbon are often used as surrogates. Examining multiple elemental and organic constituents across urban sites, however, may better capture variation in diesel-related impacts, and help to more clearly separate diesel from other sources. We designed a “super-saturation” monitoring campaign of 36 sites to capture spatial variance in PM 2.5 and elemental and organic constituents across the downtown Pittsburgh core (~2.8 km 2 ). Elemental composition was assessed via inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), organic and elemental carbon via thermal-optical reflectance, and organic compounds via thermal desorption gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (TD-GCMS). Factor analysis was performed including all constituents—both stratified by, and merged across, seasons. Spatial patterning in the resultant factors was examined using land use regression (LUR) modelling to corroborate factor interpretations. We identified diesel-related factors in both seasons; for winter, we identified a five-factor solution, describing a bus and truck-related factor [black carbon (BC), fluoranthene, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), pyrene, total carbon] and a fuel oil combustion factor (nickel, vanadium). For summer, we identified a nine-factor solution, which included a bus-related factor (benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, chromium, chrysene, fluoranthene, manganese, pyrene, total carbon, total elemental carbon, zinc) and a truck-related factor (benz[a]anthracene, BC, hopanes, NO 2 , total PAHs, total steranes). Geographic information system (GIS)-based emissions source covariates identified via LUR modelling roughly corroborated factor interpretations.

Suggested Citation

  • Brett J. Tunno & Sheila Tripathy & Ellen Kinnee & Drew R. Michanowicz & Jessie LC Shmool & Leah Cambal & Lauren Chubb & Courtney Roper & Jane E. Clougherty, 2018. "Fine-Scale Source Apportionment Including Diesel-Related Elemental and Organic Constituents of PM 2.5 across Downtown Pittsburgh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2177-:d:173830
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/10/2177/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/10/2177/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brett J. Tunno & Drew R. Michanowicz & Jessie L. C. Shmool & Sheila Tripathy & Ellen Kinnee & Leah Cambal & Lauren Chubb & Courtney Roper & Jane E. Clougherty, 2018. "Spatial Patterns in Rush-Hour vs. Work-Week Diesel-Related Pollution across a Downtown Core," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ruiling Sun & Yi Zhou & Jie Wu & Zaiwu Gong, 2019. "Influencing Factors of PM 2.5 Pollution: Disaster Points of Meteorological Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-31, October.
    2. Borut Jereb & Brigita Gajšek & Gregor Šipek & Špela Kovše & Matevz Obrecht, 2021. "Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Yanzhuo Liu & Shanshan Song & Chunjuan Bi & Junli Zhao & Di Xi & Ziqi Su, 2019. "Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Multimedia of Soil-Dust-Plants in Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ornella Salimbene & Luca Boniardi & Andrea Maria Lingua & Marco Ravina & Mariachiara Zanetti & Deborah Panepinto, 2022. "Living Lab Experience in Turin: Lifestyles and Exposure to Black Carbon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2177-:d:173830. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.