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Risk Assessment of Metals in Urban Soils from a Typical Industrial City, Suzhou, Eastern China

Author

Listed:
  • Gang Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China)

  • Hou-Qi Liu

    (Suzhou Institute of USTC, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China)

  • Yu Gong

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China)

  • Yang Wei

    (Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

  • Ai-Jun Miao

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China)

  • Liu-Yan Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China)

  • Huan Zhong

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract

Risk of metals in urban soils is less studied, compared to that in other types of soils, hindering accurate assessment of human exposure to metals. In this study, the concentrations of five metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg) were analyzed in 167 surface soil samples collected from Suzhou city and their potential ecological and human health risks were assessed. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg except Cr, were higher than the background values in Jiangsu Province. Metal concentrations varied among districts, where sites of high contamination showed a punctate distribution. Principal components and correlation analyses revealed that As, Pb, and Cd could originate from the same sources. The geo-accumulation (I geo ) and potential ecological risk indices (RI) were calculated and the relatively low values of I geo (<0) and RI (<150) suggested generally low ecological risk. The noncarcinogenic risks of the metals were relatively low for Suzhou residents (i.e., average hazard index or HI: 0.1199 for adults and 0.5935 for children, <1), while the total carcinogenic risks (TCR) of Cr and As were acceptable (TCR in the range of 1.0 × 10 −6 to 1.0 × 10 −4 ). Children faced a higher threat than adults. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations were lower than those obtained from models using deterministic parameters. Of all the uncertain parameters, the ingestion rate and body weight were the most sensitive for adults and children, respectively, while As was an important factor for both. The results as well as the factors controlling risks of metals could help better understand the risks of metals in urban soils of industrial cities in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Gang Wang & Hou-Qi Liu & Yu Gong & Yang Wei & Ai-Jun Miao & Liu-Yan Yang & Huan Zhong, 2017. "Risk Assessment of Metals in Urban Soils from a Typical Industrial City, Suzhou, Eastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1025-:d:111208
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jie Yang & Yanguo Teng & Liuting Song & Rui Zuo, 2016. "Tracing Sources and Contamination Assessments of Heavy Metals in Road and Foliar Dusts in a Typical Mining City, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-19, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pavle Pavlović & Thomas Sawidis & Jürgen Breuste & Olga Kostić & Dragan Čakmak & Dragana Đorđević & Dragana Pavlović & Marija Pavlović & Veljko Perović & Miroslava Mitrović, 2021. "Fractionation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Urban Soils from Salzburg, Thessaloniki and Belgrade: An Insight into Source Identification and Human Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Snežana Belanović Simić & Predrag Miljković & Aleksandar Baumgertel & Sara Lukić & Janko Ljubičić & Dragan Čakmak, 2023. "Environmental and Health Risk Assessment Due to Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil near Former Antimony Mine in Western Serbia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Sha Huang & Guofan Shao & Luyan Wang & Lin Wang & Lina Tang, 2018. "Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Soils in the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Shuangmei Tong & Hairong Li & Li Wang & Muyesaier Tudi & Linsheng Yang, 2020. "Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019—A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-22, April.
    5. Dana Chitimus & Valentin Nedeff & Emilian Mosnegutu & Narcis Barsan & Oana Irimia & Florin Nedeff, 2023. "Studies on the Accumulation, Translocation, and Enrichment Capacity of Soils and the Plant Species Phragmites Australis (Common Reed) with Heavy Metals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.

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