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Assessing Lead, Nickel, and Zinc Pollution in Topsoil from a Historic Shooting Range Rehabilitated into a Public Urban Park

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  • Ricardo Urrutia-Goyes

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador
    Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico)

  • Ariadne Argyraki

    (Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece)

  • Nancy Ornelas-Soto

    (Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico)

Abstract

Soil contamination is a persistent problem in the world. The redevelopment of a site with a historical deposition of metals might conceal the threat of remaining pollution, especially when the site has become a public place. In this study, human health risk assessment is performed after defining the concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Zn in the topsoil of a former shooting range rehabilitated into a public park in the Municipality of Kesariani (Athens, Greece). A methodology that uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 13 samples), another that uses portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) following a dense sample design (91 samples), and a hybrid approach that combines both, were used to obtain the concentrations of the trace elements. The enrichment factor and geoacummulation index were calculated to define the degree of pollution of the site. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indicators were also computed to find the risk to which the population is exposed. The present study reveals high non-carcinogenic health risk due to Pb pollution with ingestion as the main exposure pathway. The carcinogenic risk for Pb is within tolerable limits, but the definition of land use might alter such a statement. Lastly, regarding Ni and Zn, the site is unpolluted and there is insignificant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Urrutia-Goyes & Ariadne Argyraki & Nancy Ornelas-Soto, 2017. "Assessing Lead, Nickel, and Zinc Pollution in Topsoil from a Historic Shooting Range Rehabilitated into a Public Urban Park," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:7:p:698-:d:103126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thinh Nguyen Van & Akinori Ozaki & Hoang Nguyen Tho & Anh Nguyen Duc & Yen Tran Thi & Kiyoshi Kurosawa, 2016. "Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils under Different Land Use in an Estuary in Northern Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Guangyi Sun & Zhonggen Li & Ting Liu & Ji Chen & Tingting Wu & Xinbin Feng, 2017. "Metal Exposure and Associated Health Risk to Human Beings by Street Dust in a Heavily Industrialized City of Hunan Province, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Jangwon Suh & Hyeongyu Lee & Yosoon Choi, 2016. "A Rapid, Accurate, and Efficient Method to Map Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils of Abandoned Mine Sites Using Converted Portable XRF Data and GIS," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, December.
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    1. Vaclav Pecina & Martin Brtnicky & Marie Balkova & Jitka Hegrova & Martina Buckova & Tivadar Baltazar & Roman Licbinsky & Maja Radziemska, 2021. "Assessment of Soil Contamination with Potentially Toxic Elements and Soil Ecotoxicity of Botanical Garden in Brno, Czech Republic: Are Urban Botanical Gardens More Polluted Than Urban Parks?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.

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