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A Rapid, Accurate, and Efficient Method to Map Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils of Abandoned Mine Sites Using Converted Portable XRF Data and GIS

Author

Listed:
  • Jangwon Suh

    (John & Willie Leone Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA)

  • Hyeongyu Lee

    (Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea)

  • Yosoon Choi

    (Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea)

Abstract

The use of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) increases the rapidity and accuracy of soil contamination mapping, respectively. In practice, it is often necessary to repeat the soil contamination assessment and mapping procedure several times during soil management within a limited budget. In this study, we have developed a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate soil contamination mapping method using a PXRF data and geostatistical spatial interpolation. To obtain a large quantity of high quality data for interpolation, in situ PXRF data analyzed at 40 points were transformed to converted PXRF data using the correlation between PXRF and ICP-AES data. The method was applied to an abandoned mine site in Korea to generate a soil contamination map for copper and was validated for investigation speed and prediction accuracy. As a result, regions that required soil remediation were identified. Our method significantly shortened the time required for mapping compared to the conventional mapping method and provided copper concentration estimates with high accuracy similar to those measured by ICP-AES. Therefore, our method is an effective way of mapping soil contamination if we consistently construct a database based on the correlation between PXRF and ICP-AES data.

Suggested Citation

  • Jangwon Suh & Hyeongyu Lee & Yosoon Choi, 2016. "A Rapid, Accurate, and Efficient Method to Map Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils of Abandoned Mine Sites Using Converted Portable XRF Data and GIS," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1191-:d:84235
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hyeongyu Lee & Yosoon Choi & Jangwon Suh & Seung-Ho Lee, 2016. "Mapping Copper and Lead Concentrations at Abandoned Mine Areas Using Element Analysis Data from ICP–AES and Portable XRF Instruments: A Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, March.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jangwon Suh & Sung-Min Kim & Huiuk Yi & Yosoon Choi, 2017. "An Overview of GIS-Based Modeling and Assessment of Mining-Induced Hazards: Soil, Water, and Forest," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Sung-Min Kim & Yosoon Choi, 2017. "Assessing Statistically Significant Heavy-Metal Concentrations in Abandoned Mine Areas via Hot Spot Analysis of Portable XRF Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Ricardo Urrutia-Goyes & Ariadne Argyraki & Nancy Ornelas-Soto, 2017. "Assessing Lead, Nickel, and Zinc Pollution in Topsoil from a Historic Shooting Range Rehabilitated into a Public Urban Park," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Fang Li & Anxiang Lu & Jihua Wang, 2017. "Modeling of Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic and Lead Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Dawon Kim & Yosoon Choi, 2022. "Application of Smart Glasses for Field Workers Performing Soil Contamination Surveys with Portable Equipment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.

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    1. Sung-Min Kim & Yosoon Choi, 2017. "Assessing Statistically Significant Heavy-Metal Concentrations in Abandoned Mine Areas via Hot Spot Analysis of Portable XRF Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Dawon Kim & Yosoon Choi, 2022. "Application of Smart Glasses for Field Workers Performing Soil Contamination Surveys with Portable Equipment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Jangwon Suh & Sung-Min Kim & Huiuk Yi & Yosoon Choi, 2017. "An Overview of GIS-Based Modeling and Assessment of Mining-Induced Hazards: Soil, Water, and Forest," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, November.

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