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Trait Rumination Predicts Elevated Evening Cortisol in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults

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  • Peggy M. Zoccola

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Andrew W. Manigault

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Wilson S. Figueroa

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Cari Hollenbeck

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
    Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Grover Center W324, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Anna Mendlein

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Alex Woody

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
    Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA)

  • Katrina Hamilton

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
    Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 35 W. Green Drive, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Matt Scanlin

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
    Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Grover Center W324, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Ryan C. Johnson

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

Abstract

Stress may contribute to illness through the impaired recovery or sustained activity of stress-responsive biological systems. Rumination, or mental rehearsal of past stressors, may alter the body’s stress-responsive systems by amplifying and prolonging exposure to physiological mediators, such as cortisol. The primary aim of the current investigation was to test the extent to which the tendency to ruminate on stress predicts diminished diurnal cortisol recovery (i.e., elevated evening cortisol) in a sample of sexual and gender minority young adults. Participants included 58 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender young adults ( M age = 25.0, SD = 4.1) who completed an initial online survey that assessed trait rumination and current depressed mood. Participants completed daily evening questionnaires and provided salivary cortisol samples at wake, 45 min post-wake, 12 h post-wake, and at bedtime over seven consecutive days. Trait rumination predicted significantly higher cortisol concentrations at bedtime, but was unrelated to other cortisol indices (e.g., morning cortisol, diurnal slope, total output). The association with trait rumination was not accounted for by daily negative affect, and was largely independent of depressed mood. These results have implications for identifying and treating those who may be at risk for impaired diurnal cortisol recovery and associated negative health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Peggy M. Zoccola & Andrew W. Manigault & Wilson S. Figueroa & Cari Hollenbeck & Anna Mendlein & Alex Woody & Katrina Hamilton & Matt Scanlin & Ryan C. Johnson, 2017. "Trait Rumination Predicts Elevated Evening Cortisol in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1365-:d:118186
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Farmer, G.W. & Jabson, J.M. & Bucholz, K.K. & Bowen, D.J., 2013. "A population-based study of cardiovascular disease risk in sexual-minority women," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(10), pages 1845-1850.
    2. Conron, K.J. & Mimiaga, M.J. & Landers, S.J., 2010. "A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(10), pages 1953-1960.
    3. Przedworski, J.M. & McAlpine, D.D. & Karaca-Mandic, P. & VanKim, N.A., 2014. "Health and health risks among sexual minority women: An examination of 3 subgroups," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(6), pages 1045-1047.
    4. Cochran, S.D. & Mays, V.M., 2007. "Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: Results from the California quality of life survey," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(11), pages 2048-2055.
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