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Pricing, Carbon Emission Reduction, Low-Carbon Promotion and Returning Decision in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation

Author

Listed:
  • Hui Li

    (School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, No. 1550, Haigang Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Chuanxu Wang

    (School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, No. 1550, Haigang Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Meng Shang

    (School of Flight, Anyang Institute of Technology, No. 1 Huanghe Avenue W., Anyang City 455000, China)

  • Wei Ou

    (School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan)

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the influences of vertical and horizontal cooperation models on the optimal decisions and performance of a low-carbon closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with a manufacturer and two retailers, and study optimal operation in the competitive pricing, competitive the low-carbon promotion, the carbon emission reduction, the used-products collection and the profits. We consider the completely decentralized model, M-R vertical cooperation model, R-R horizontal cooperation model, M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model and completely centralized model, and also identify the optimal decision results and profits. It can be observed from a systematic comparison and numerical analysis that the completely centralized model is best in all optimal decision results among all models. In semi-cooperation, the M-R vertical cooperation model is positive, the R-R horizontal cooperation model is passive, and the positivity of the M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model decreases with competitive intensity increasing in the used-products returning, carbon emissions reduction level, low-carbon promotion effort and the profits of the manufacturer and the entire supply chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Li & Chuanxu Wang & Meng Shang & Wei Ou, 2017. "Pricing, Carbon Emission Reduction, Low-Carbon Promotion and Returning Decision in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-26, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1332-:d:117285
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaodong Zhu & Jing Wang & Juan Tang, 2017. "Recycling Pricing and Coordination of WEEE Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Consumers’ Bargaining," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Qiuxiang Li & Xingli Chen & Yimin Huang, 2019. "The Stability and Complexity Analysis of a Low-Carbon Supply Chain Considering Fairness Concern Behavior and Sales Service," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-21, July.
    3. Ji Chen & Shouzhen Zeng & Chonghui Zhang, 2018. "An OWA Distance-Based, Single-Valued Neutrosophic Linguistic TOPSIS Approach for Green Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Low-Carbon Supply Chains," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Qiuxiang Li & Mengnan Shi & Yimin Huang, 2019. "A Dynamic Price Game Model in a Low-Carbon, Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Return Rates and Fairness Concern Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.

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