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Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment

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  • Yanwei Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Dongfei Tan

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Yue Geng

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Lu Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Yi Peng

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Zeying He

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Yaping Xu

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

  • Xiaowei Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China)

Abstract

Field investigations on perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) levels in various environmental matrixes were reported, but there is still a lack of PFAA level data for agricultural environments, especially agricultural producing areas, so we collected soil, irrigation water and agricultural product samples from agricultural producing areas in the provinces of Liaoning, Shandong and Sichuan in China. The background pollution from instruments was removed and C 4 –C 18 PFAAs were detected by LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of PFAAs in the top and deep layers of soil were compared, and the levels of PFAAs in different agricultural environments (greenhouses and open agriculture) were analyzed. We found the order of PFAA levels by province was Shandong > Liaoning > Sichuan. A descending trend of PFAA levels from top to deep soil and open to greenhouse agriculture was shown and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was considered as a marker for source analysis. Bean vegetables contribute highly to the overall PFAA load in vegetables. A significant correlation was shown between irrigation water and agricultural products. The EDI (estimated daily intake) from vegetables should be of concern in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanwei Zhang & Dongfei Tan & Yue Geng & Lu Wang & Yi Peng & Zeying He & Yaping Xu & Xiaowei Liu, 2016. "Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1224-:d:84878
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yujie Pan & Hongxia Peng & Shuyun Xie & Min Zeng & Changsheng Huang, 2019. "Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Yanping Cai & Haiyan Chen & Huilun Chen & Haiqing Li & Shuo Yang & Fei Wang, 2019. "Evaluation of Single and Joint Toxicity of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Copper to Metal-Resistant Arthrobacter Strains," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Yiran Zhou & Mingzhen Wang & Junhong Xin & Yongning Wu & Minglin Wang, 2024. "The Distribution and Pollution Pathway Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in a Typical Agricultural Plastic Greenhouse for Cultivated Vegetables," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, August.

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