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The Distribution and Pollution Pathway Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in a Typical Agricultural Plastic Greenhouse for Cultivated Vegetables

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Listed:
  • Yiran Zhou

    (College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
    Jining Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jining 272025, China)

  • Mingzhen Wang

    (Dongying Vocational Institute, Dongying 257091, China)

  • Junhong Xin

    (College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
    Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China)

  • Yongning Wu

    (College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
    Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Minglin Wang

    (College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China)

Abstract

Plastic greenhouses play an important role in vegetable cultivation in China. While evaluations have attributed perfluoroalkyl acid contamination in greenhouse vegetables primarily to irrigation water, the potential contribution from greenhouse plastic films has consistently been overlooked, despite PFAAs’ long-standing use as anti-fogging agents. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of PFAA contamination was conducted in greenhouses at the Shouguang vegetable base in China, based on extensive environmental and crop sample collection, followed by analysis using LC-MS/MS. PFAAs are still used in greenhouse plastic film, and their migration to the surface water mist and the air inside the greenhouse was also observed. Elevated levels of PFAA pollution were found near the corner areas of greenhouses with longer service times, leading to further pollution of the soil and nearby vegetables. This is considered as the primary source which may have been caused by PFAAs migrating with condensation from the plastic film and accumulating for decades. However, polluted irrigation water still remains the dominate source of PFAAs in other areas inside the greenhouse. Based on our analysis, we conclude that PFAAs present in plastic films could be the primary contaminant source for vegetables in specific zones. This underscores the urgent need for heightened vigilance towards environmental pollution within agricultural facilities, which currently represent the most prevalent mode of intensive vegetable cultivation in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Yiran Zhou & Mingzhen Wang & Junhong Xin & Yongning Wu & Minglin Wang, 2024. "The Distribution and Pollution Pathway Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in a Typical Agricultural Plastic Greenhouse for Cultivated Vegetables," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:8:p:1321-:d:1452932
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yanwei Zhang & Dongfei Tan & Yue Geng & Lu Wang & Yi Peng & Zeying He & Yaping Xu & Xiaowei Liu, 2016. "Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
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