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High Contributions of Secondary Inorganic Aerosols to PM 2.5 under Polluted Levels at a Regional Station in Northern China

Author

Listed:
  • Yang Li

    (Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Jun Tao

    (South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China)

  • Leiming Zhang

    (Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada)

  • Xiaofang Jia

    (Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Yunfei Wu

    (Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)

Abstract

Daily PM 2.5 samples were collected at Shangdianzi (SDZ) regional site in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in 2015. Samples were subject to chemical analysis for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and major water-soluble inorganic ions. The annual average PM 2.5 mass concentration was 53 ± 36 μg·m −3 with the highest seasonal average concentration in spring and the lowest in summer. Water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols accounted for 34% ± 15% and 33% ± 9%, respectively, of PM 2.5 mass on annual average. The excellent, good, lightly polluted, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted days based on the Air Quality Index (AQI) of PM 2.5 accounted for 40%, 42%, 11%, 4%, and 3%, respectively, of the year. The sum of the average concentration of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) increased from 4.2 ± 2.9 μg·m −3 during excellent days to 85.9 ± 22.4 μg·m −3 during heavily polluted days, and their contributions to PM 2.5 increased from 15% ± 8% to 49% ± 10% accordingly. In contrast, the average concentration of carbonaceous aerosols increased from 9.2 ± 2.8 μg·m −3 to 51.2 ± 14.1 μg·m −3 , and their contributions to PM 2.5 decreased from 34% ± 6% to 29% ± 7%. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis revealed that the major sources for high PM 2.5 and its dominant chemical components were within the area mainly covering Shandong, Henan, and Hebei provinces. Regional pollutant transport from Shanxi province and Inner Mongolia autonomous region located in the west direction of SDZ was also important during the heating season.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Li & Jun Tao & Leiming Zhang & Xiaofang Jia & Yunfei Wu, 2016. "High Contributions of Secondary Inorganic Aerosols to PM 2.5 under Polluted Levels at a Regional Station in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1202-:d:85305
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ling Yao & Ning Lu & Xiafang Yue & Jia Du & Cundong Yang, 2015. "Comparison of Hourly PM 2.5 Observations Between Urban and Suburban Areas in Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Tianhao Zhang & Gang Liu & Zhongmin Zhu & Wei Gong & Yuxi Ji & Yusi Huang, 2016. "Real-Time Estimation of Satellite-Derived PM 2.5 Based on a Semi-Physical Geographically Weighted Regression Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruiling Sun & Yi Zhou & Jie Wu & Zaiwu Gong, 2019. "Influencing Factors of PM 2.5 Pollution: Disaster Points of Meteorological Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-31, October.
    2. Hujia Zhao & Huizheng Che & Yanjun Ma & Yangfeng Wang & Hongbin Yang & Yuche Liu & Yaqiang Wang & Hong Wang & Xiaoye Zhang, 2017. "The Relationship of PM Variation with Visibility and Mixing-Layer Height under Hazy/Foggy Conditions in the Multi-Cities of Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, April.

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