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Soil-Plant Metal Relations in Panax notoginseng : An Ecosystem Health Risk Assessment

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  • Xiaohong Ou

    (College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
    Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Li Wang

    (Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lanping Guo

    (Chinese Medica Resources Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China)

  • Xiuming Cui

    (Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Dahui Liu

    (Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
    College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Ye Yang

    (Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)

Abstract

This study features a survey of the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg and Cu) in root and cultivation soils of Panax notoginseng ( P. notoginseng ), carried out in China’s Yunnan Province. The average contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, and Cu in the soil were 61.6, 0.4, 102.4, 57.1, 0.3, and 35.1 mg·kg −1 , respectively. The heavy metals’ pollution indexes can be ranked as follows: As > Cd > Hg > Cu > Cr > Pb. The proportion of soil samples at slight, middle, strong, very strong, and extremely strong levels of potential environmental risk had values of 5.41%, 21.62%, 35.14%, 10.81%, and 27.03%, respectively. The potential environment risk index ( RI ) showed that 29.73% out of the total sample sites were above the level of strong and extremely strong. The ranges of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, and Cu content in tuber were 0.04–3.26, 0.04–0.33, 0.22–5.4, 0.10–1.8, 0.00–0.02, and 5.0–20.9 mg·kg −1 , respectively. In combination with P. notoginseng consumption data, the estimated heavy metal daily intakes (EDIs) were 0.08–0.23, 0.006–0.019, 0.17–0.52, 0.04–0.12, 0.001–0.002, and 0.59–1.77 μg·kg −1 ·bw/day. All target hazard quotients (THQs) of individual elements and hazard indexes ( HI ) were less than one. The present study indicates that most of the P. notoginseng cultivation soil in the province of Yunnan presented slight and moderate ecological risk. Thus, more attention should be given to the heavy metals As, Cd, and Hg when selecting planting areas for the cultivation of P. notoginseng . Health risks associated with the intake of a single element or consumption of the combined metals through P. notoginseng are absent.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaohong Ou & Li Wang & Lanping Guo & Xiuming Cui & Dahui Liu & Ye Yang, 2016. "Soil-Plant Metal Relations in Panax notoginseng : An Ecosystem Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1089-:d:82207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xuedong Yan & Dan Gao & Fan Zhang & Chen Zeng & Wang Xiang & Man Zhang, 2013. "Relationships between Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Topsoil and Distance to Road Edge Based on Field Observations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, February.
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